{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:26:55Z","timestamp":1786685215875,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI18\/00191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI22\/0412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/0412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["PI18\/00191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00191"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PI22\/0412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/0412"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["CNS2023-145176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2023-145176"]}]},{"award":["CNS2023-145176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS2023-145176"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05r0vyz12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01bg62x04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Co-funded by European Social Fund","award":["CD24\/00222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD24\/00222"]}]},{"award":["CD24\/00222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD24\/00222"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["101154245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101154245"]}]},{"award":["101154245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101154245"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epidemiologia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flavanones, a subclass of flavonoids predominantly found in citrus fruits, have attracted growing interest for their potential role in cardiometabolic health. While evidence linking overall flavonoid intake to cardiometabolic benefits is relatively consistent, flavanones have received less attention, and available findings remain scattered across heterogeneous outcomes and study designs. This review synthesizes meta-analytic evidence from prospective cohort and intervention studies to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between flavanone intake and cardiometabolic health. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify published meta-analyses examining flavanone intake in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes and related biomarkers. Twenty-five eligible meta-analyses, including 12 meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies and 13 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, were included. Evidence from prospective cohort studies showed that higher flavanone intake was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (relative risk reductions ranging from 12% to 22%) and stroke (relative risk reductions ranging from 12% to 26%). Intervention studies demonstrated favorable effects on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and C-reactive protein concentrations, although findings for anthropometric outcomes were inconsistent. Overall, the current evidence supports a potential protective role of flavanone intake in cardiometabolic health. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution given the heterogeneity of studies and outcome measures, as well as methodological limitations within the underlying meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epidemiologia7040108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:06:16Z","timestamp":1786608376000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flavanone Intake and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Synthesis of Meta-Analytic Evidence from Cohort and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Saeid","family":"Doaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19816-19573, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Gil-Lespinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehra","family":"Elban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8289-8819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Gholamalizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4805-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Almanza-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6236-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Zamora-Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105447","article-title":"The evolving landscape of cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"109","author":"Eroglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Projections from 2025 to 2050","volume":"32","author":"Chong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. 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