{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:48:41Z","timestamp":1790423321928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6182021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6182021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31272420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31272420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University","award":["IRT-15R62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT-15R62"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Programs of China","award":["2013AA102504, 2014ZX08009-053B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013AA102504, 2014ZX08009-053B"]}]},{"name":"Selection and Breeding for High Productive Dairy Cattle Program","award":["NingXia[2016]3\u20136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NingXia[2016]3\u20136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semen quality is critical for fertility. However, it is easily influenced by environmental factors and can induce subfertility in the next generations. Here, we aimed to assess the impacts of differentially methylated regions and genes on semen quality and offspring fertility. A specific pair of monozygotic (MZ) twin artificial insemination (AI) Holstein bulls with moderately different sperm qualities (Bull1 &gt; Bull2) was used in the study, and each twin bull had produced ~6000 recorded daughters nationwide in China. Using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we profiled the landscape of the twin bulls\u2019 sperm methylomes, and we observed markedly higher sperm methylation levels in Bull1 than in Bull2. Furthermore, we found 528 differentially methylated regions (DMR) between the MZ twin bulls, which spanned or overlapped with 309 differentially methylated genes (DMG). These DMG were particularly associated with embryo development, organ development, reproduction, and the nervous system. Several DMG were also shown to be differentially expressed in the sperm cells. Moreover, the significant differences in DNA methylation on gene INSL3 between the MZ twin bulls were confirmed at three different age points. Our results provided new insights into the impacts of AI bull sperm methylomes on offspring fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes3040021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T03:03:15Z","timestamp":1569553395000},"page":"21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Divergence Analyses of Sperm DNA Methylomes between Monozygotic Twin AI Bulls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shuli","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5639-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wentao","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoxing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Qinghe South Town, Beijing 100085, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0192-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George E.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yachun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture &amp; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2rd, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. 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