{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1792144879341,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cannabis is one of the most commonly used and abused illicit drugs in the world today. The United States (US) currently has the highest annual prevalence rate of cannabis consumption in the world, 17.9% in individuals aged 12 or older, and it is on the rise. With increasing cannabis use comes the potential for an increase in abuse, and according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), approximately 5.1% of Americans had Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) in 2020. Research has shown that genetics and epigenetics play a significant role in cannabis use and CUD. In fact, approximately 50\u201370% of liability to CUD and 40\u201348% of cannabis use initiation have been found to be the result of genetic factors. Cannabis usage and CUD have also been linked to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders and Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) subsets like schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder. Comprehension of the genetic and epigenetic aspects of cannabinoids is necessary for future research, treatment plans, and the production of pure cannabinoid compounds, which will be essential for FDA approval. In conclusion, having a better understanding of the epigenetic and genetic underpinnings of cannabis use, CUD, and the endocannabinoid system as a whole will aid in the development of effective FDA-approved treatment therapies and the advancement of personalized medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes6030027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T01:39:19Z","timestamp":1661737159000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Neurogenetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Cannabinoids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Dennen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA 19114, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6727-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA"},{"name":"Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Graduate College, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wright University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45324, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8185-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdalla","family":"Bowirrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6534-3616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jag","family":"Khalsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayotis K.","family":"Thanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Graduate College, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5586-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra D.","family":"Badgaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine Mt Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"},{"name":"Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashim","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Braverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Behavioral Neurogenetic Institute, Austin, TX 78701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 07). 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