{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:50:56Z","timestamp":1760147456896,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)","award":["RD83480019","RD83543601","P20 ES018171","P01 ES02284401","R35 ES031686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD83480019","RD83543601","P20 ES018171","P01 ES02284401","R35 ES031686"]}]},{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)","award":["RD83480019","RD83543601","P20 ES018171","P01 ES02284401","R35 ES031686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD83480019","RD83543601","P20 ES018171","P01 ES02284401","R35 ES031686"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>DNA methylation (DNAm) is a plausible mechanism underlying cardiometabolic abnormalities, but evidence is limited among youth. This analysis included 410 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to two time points in late childhood\/adolescence. At Time 1, DNAm was quantified in blood leukocytes at long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1), H19, and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11\u03b2-HSD-2), and at Time 2 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-\u03b1). At each time point, cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed including lipid profiles, glucose, blood pressure, and anthropometry. Linear mixed effects models were used for LINE-1, H19, and 11\u03b2-HSD-2 to account for the repeated-measure outcomes. Linear regression models were conducted for the cross-sectional association between PPAR-\u03b1 with the outcomes. DNAm at LINE-1 was associated with log glucose at site 1 [\u03b2 = \u22120.029, p = 0.0006] and with log high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at site 3 [\u03b2 = 0.063, p = 0.0072]. 11\u03b2-HSD-2 DNAm at site 4 was associated with log glucose (\u03b2 = \u22120.018, p = 0.0018). DNAm at LINE-1 and 11\u03b2-HSD-2 was associated with few cardiometabolic risk factors among youth in a locus-specific manner. These findings underscore the potential for epigenetic biomarkers to increase our understanding of cardiometabolic risk earlier in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes7010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T03:36:57Z","timestamp":1675395417000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DNA Methylation Is a Potential Biomarker for Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer A.","family":"Aljahdali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn M.","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana C.","family":"Dolinoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungjin M.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward A.","family":"Ruiz-Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Baylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1397-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Cantoral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libni A.","family":"Torres-Olascoaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3322-3334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha M.","family":"T\u00e9llez-Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Cesare, M., Soric, M., Bovet, P., Miranda, J.J., Bhutta, Z., Stevens, G.A., Laxmaiah, A., Kengne, A.P., and Bentham, J. 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