{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:08:04Z","timestamp":1790021284652,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"United States National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21ES021295-01R21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21ES021295-01R21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"United States National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG-425614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG-425614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"United States National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-123535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-123535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"United States National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HTA-472411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HTA-472411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21ES021295-01R21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21ES021295-01R21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG-425614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG-425614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-123535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-123535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HTA-472411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HTA-472411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CIHR Fellowship","award":["1R21ES021295-01R21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21ES021295-01R21"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Fellowship","award":["PG-425614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG-425614"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Fellowship","award":["MOP-123535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-123535"]}]},{"name":"CIHR Fellowship","award":["HTA-472411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HTA-472411"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined whether prenatal exposure to two classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was associated with infant epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a DNA methylation biomarker of aging. Participants included 224 maternal\u2013infant pairs from a Canadian pregnancy cohort study. Two bisphenols and 12 phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal second trimester urines. Buccal epithelial cell cheek swabs were collected from 3 month old infants and DNA methylation was profiled using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic tool was used to estimate EAA. Sex-stratified robust regressions examined individual chemical associations with EAA, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) examined chemical mixture effects. Adjusted robust models showed that in female infants, prenatal exposure to total bisphenol A (BPA) was positively associated with EAA (B = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.24), and multiple phthalate metabolites were inversely associated with EAA (Bs from \u22120.36 to \u22120.66, 95% CIs from \u22121.28 to \u22120.02). BKMR showed that prenatal BPA was the most important chemical in the mixture and was positively associated with EAA in both sexes. No overall chemical mixture effects or male-specific associations were noted. These findings indicate that prenatal EDC exposures are associated with sex-specific deviations in biological aging, which may have lasting implications for child health and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes8030031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T10:34:59Z","timestamp":1723458899000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sex-Specific Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates and Infant Epigenetic Age Acceleration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0633-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian","family":"England-Mason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Merrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6265-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy M.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Kinniburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Gladish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"MacIsaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald F.","family":"Giesbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7468-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Letourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Kobor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada"},{"name":"Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1323-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Health Canada (2024, April 02). 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