{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:04:35Z","timestamp":1770681875275,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007045","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["429849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007045","name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SECIHTI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I-1680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-1680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Seeding Labs program","award":["429849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429849"]}]},{"name":"Seeding Labs program","award":["I-1680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I-1680"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Epigenomes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The epigenetic regulation of adipogenic differentiation in dental stem cells (DSCs) remains poorly understood, as research has prioritized osteogenic differentiation for dental applications. However, elucidating these mechanisms could enable novel regenerative strategies for soft tissue engineering. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit notable adipogenic potential, possibly linked to histone 3 acetylation at lysine 9 (H3K9ac); however, the mechanistic role of this modification remains unclear. Methods: To address this gap, we investigated how histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis)\u2014valproic acid (VPA, 8 mM) and trichostatin A (TSA, 100 nM)\u2014modulate H3K9ac dynamics, adipogenic gene expression (C\/EBP\u03b2 and PPAR\u03b3-2), and chromatin remodeling during PDLSCs differentiation. Techniques used included quantitative PCR (qPCR), lipid droplet analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR (ChIP-qPCR). Results: TSA-treated cells exhibited increased lipid deposition with smaller lipid droplets compared to VPA-treated cells. Global H3K9ac levels correlated positively with adipogenic progression. VPA induced early upregulation of C\/EBP\u03b2 and PPAR\u03b3-2 (day 7), whereas TSA triggered a delayed but stronger PPAR\u03b3-2 expression. ChIP-qPCR analysis revealed significant H3K9ac enrichment at the PPAR\u03b3-2 promoter in TSA-treated cells, indicating enhanced chromatin accessibility. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that H3K9ac-mediated epigenetic remodeling plays a critical role in the adipogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and identifies TSA as a potential tool for modulating this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes9020015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T20:16:22Z","timestamp":1748204182000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histone H3 Lysine 9 Acetylation Plays a Role in Adipogenesis of Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2745-3059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio A.","family":"Montero-Del-Toro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97203, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de C\u00e9lulas Troncales, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelica A.","family":"Serralta-Interian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97203, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de C\u00e9lulas Troncales, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geovanny I.","family":"Nic-Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SECIHTI-Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97203, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacobiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados-Sede Sur, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 07360, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo A.","family":"Rivera-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97203, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz A.","family":"Rodas-Junco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de C\u00e9lulas Troncales, Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97000, Mexico"},{"name":"SECIHTI-Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97203, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, I., Subbarao, R.B., and Rho, G.J. (2015). Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells\u2014Current Trends and Future Prospective. Biosci. Rep., 35.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150025"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2395","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Health and Disease","volume":"8","author":"Uccelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambele, M.A., Dhanraj, P., Giles, R., and Pepper, M.S. (2020). Adipogenesis: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Molecular Determinants and Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124283"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2020-0304","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis by Histone-Modifying Enzymes","volume":"13","author":"Macchia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102116","article-title":"PPARG Expression Patterns and Correlations in Obesity","volume":"34","author":"Darwish","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v16.i3.245","article-title":"How Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transform into Adipocytes: Overview of the Current Understanding of Adipogenic Differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111485","article-title":"Ajuba Functions as a Co-Activator of C\/EBP\u03b2 to Induce Expression of PPAR\u03b3 and C\/EBP\u03b1 during Adipogenesis","volume":"539","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1134\/S1062360423070068","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Governing Adipogenic Differentiation","volume":"54","author":"Sysoeva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Russ. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pant, R., Alam, A., Choksi, A., Shah, V.K., Firmal, P., and Chattopadhyay, S. (2021). Chromatin Remodeling Protein SMAR1 Regulates Adipogenesis by Modulating the Expression of PPAR\u03b3. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1866.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2021.159045"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23248","article-title":"Transcriptional and Epigenetic Control of Adipocyte Remodeling during Obesity","volume":"29","author":"Barilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20713","article-title":"3D Culture Induction of Adipogenic Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Exhibits Adipocyte-Specific Molecular Expression Patterns and Metabolic Functions","volume":"9","author":"Endo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06036-8","article-title":"Molecular Mechanism of Down-Regulating Adipogenic Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cells by Bioactive Anti-Adipogenic Compounds","volume":"48","author":"Guru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0914-1","article-title":"Adipose-Derived and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Donor-Matched Comparison","volume":"9","author":"Fristad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, L., Liu, H., Chen, M., Ren, S., Cheng, P., and Zhang, H. (2017). MiR-301b~miR-130b-PPAR\u03b3 Axis Underlies the Adipogenic Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Different Tissue Origins. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01294-2"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bugueno, I.M., Alastra, G., Balic, A., Stadlinger, B., and Mitsiadis, T.A. (2024). Limited Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Compared to Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011105"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e03054","article-title":"Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiation to Neural Cells, Osteocytes and Adipocytes-An in Vitro Study","volume":"6","author":"Luke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercado-Rubio, M.D., P\u00e9rez-Argueta, E., Zepeda-Pedreguera, A., Aguilar-Ayala, F.J., Pe\u00f1aloza-Cuevas, R., K\u00fa-Gonz\u00e1lez, A., Rojas-Herrera, R.A., Rodas-Junco, B.A., and Nic-Can, G.I. (2021). Similar Features, Different Behaviors: A Comparative in Vitro Study of the Adipogenic Potential of Stem Cells from Human Follicle, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11080738"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fracaro, L., Senegaglia, A.C., Herai, R.H., Leitolis, A., Boldrini-Leite, L.M., Rebelatto, C.L.K., Travers, P.J., Brofman, P.R.S., and Correa, A. (2020). The Expression Profile of Dental Pulp-Derived Stromal Cells Supports Their Limited Capacity to Differentiate into Adipogenic Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082753"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-025-00353-z","article-title":"Role and Mechanisms of Histone Methylation in Osteogenic\/Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-024-00563-5","article-title":"Epigenetic Control of Dental Stem Cells: Progress and Prospects in Multidirectional Differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argaez-Sosa, A.A., Rodas-Junco, B.A., Carrillo-Cocom, L.M., Rojas-Herrera, R.A., Coral-Sosa, A., Aguilar-Ayala, F.J., Aguilar-P\u00e9rez, D., and Nic-Can, G.I. (2022). Higher Expression of DNA (de)Methylation-Related Genes Reduces Adipogenicity in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.791667"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.29356\/jmcs.v67i3.2057","article-title":"TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 2 (TET2) Improves the Adipogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells","volume":"67","author":"Lizama","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mex. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjab043","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Obesity","volume":"13","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, J., Huang, D., Li, R., Wang, W., and Zhou, C. (2020). Control of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology by Histone Modifications. Cell Biosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-0378-8"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v13.i11.1647","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Its Potential in Regenerative Endodontics","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2110","article-title":"Acetylation of Histone and Modification of Gene Expression via HDAC Inhibitors Affects the Obesity","volume":"14","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacol. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312795200","article-title":"Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity by Valproic Acid Blocks Adipogenesis","volume":"279","author":"Lagace","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17489","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203238","article-title":"HDAC Inhibitor Trichostatin a Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes","volume":"13","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cricr\u00ed, D., Coppi, L., Pedretti, S., Mitro, N., Caruso, D., De Fabiani, E., and Crestani, M. (2021). Histone Deacetylase 3 Regulates Adipocyte Phenotype at Early Stages of Differentiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179300"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stachecka, J., Kolodziejski, P.A., Noak, M., and Szczerbal, I. (2021). Alteration of Active and Repressive Histone Marks during Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79384-x"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"116","article-title":"Effect of Epigenetic Inhibitors on Adipogenesis in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells","volume":"27","year":"2024","journal-title":"Odovtos Int. J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.5.7","article-title":"Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Class I Improves Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells","volume":"70","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9978837","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9978837","article-title":"Stem Cells: A Historical Review about Biological, Religious, and Ethical Issues","volume":"2021","author":"Charitos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.09.002","article-title":"Trichostatin A and Vorinostat Promote Adipogenic Differentiation through H3K9 Acetylation and Dimethylation","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-017-0314-z","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors VPA and TSA Induce Apoptosis and Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer Cells","volume":"40","author":"Granato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"47","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACIS): Multitargeted Anticancer Agents","volume":"7","author":"Ververis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9691","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29780","article-title":"Epigenetic Modifier Trichostatin A Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inhibiting NF-\u039aB (P65) DNA Binding and Promoted Periodontal Repair in Rats","volume":"235","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2184.2009.00633.x","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Decrease Proliferation Potential and Multilineage Differentiation Capability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-017-0027-4","article-title":"V Alproic Acid Modulates the Multipotency in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via P53-Mediated Cell Cycle","volume":"14","author":"Um","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.603761","article-title":"Dual Roles of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Acetylation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Neural Differentiation","volume":"290","author":"Qiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.04.001","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 and the Global Map of Adipogenesis and Beyond","volume":"25","author":"Lefterova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1544","article-title":"Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Valproic Acid Downregulates Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Osteoblasts: Evidence for HDAC2 Involvement","volume":"32","author":"Paino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Foote, M., and Chen, J. (2014). Effects of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid on Skeletal Myocyte Development. Sci. Rep., 4.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07207"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14456","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.802074","article-title":"Acetylation on Histone H3 Lysine 9 Mediates a Switch from Transcription Initiation to Elongation","volume":"292","author":"Gates","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X., Pan, R., Zhang, H., Yang, C., Shao, J., and Xiang, L. (2013). Modification of Histone Acetylation Facilitates Hepatic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063405"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20132893","article-title":"The Epigenetic Modifiers 5-Aza-2\u2032-Deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A Influence Adipocyte Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"46","author":"Zych","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2-\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101504","article-title":"A Novel Method for the Normalization of ChIP-QPCR Data","volume":"8","author":"Solomon","year":"2021","journal-title":"MethodsX"}],"container-title":["Epigenomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4655\/9\/2\/15\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:39:43Z","timestamp":1760031583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4655\/9\/2\/15"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["epigenomes9020015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/epigenomes9020015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4655","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]}}}