{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:48:21Z","timestamp":1775022501793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"LVM","award":["5-5.5._000k_101.16.15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-5.5._000k_101.16.15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Forests"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of the most abundant tree species in the hemiboreal zone, birch is important from both commercial and biodiversity perspectives. While old-growth deciduous stands are important for biodiversity conservation with an emphasis on deadwood availability, the role that deadwood in these stands plays in carbon sequestration remains unclear. We studied mature (71\u2013110 years old) and old-growth (121\u2013150 years old) birch stands on fertile mineral soils. The marginal mean deadwood volume was 43.5 \u00b1 6.4 m3 ha\u22121 in all mature stands, 51.3 \u00b1 7.1 m3 ha\u22121 in recently unmanaged mature stands, and 54.4 \u00b1 4.4 m3 ha\u22121 in old-growth stands; the marginal mean deadwood carbon pool for each stand type was 5.4 \u00b1 0.8 t\u00b7ha\u22121, 6.3 \u00b1 0.9 t\u00b7ha\u22121, and 7.9 \u00b1 0.6 t\u00b7ha\u22121, respectively. Deadwood volume was not related to stand productivity in terms of stand basal area, stand height, or stand age. The difference between mature and old-growth stands remained non-significant (p &lt; 0.05). A high volume of deadwood was almost continuously present throughout the landscape in assessed unmanaged sites; moreover, 88% of sample plots in old-growth stands and 63% of sample plots in mature stands had a deadwood volume higher than 20 m3\u00b7ha\u22121. Old-growth stands had a slightly greater volume of large deadwood than unmanaged mature stands; in both, almost half of the deadwood was more than 30 cm in diameter and approximately one-fifth had a diameter greater than 40 cm. Both groups of stands had similar proportions of coniferous and deciduous deadwood and lying and standing deadwood. Old-growth stands had a higher volume of recently and weakly decayed wood, indicating increased dieback during recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/f11050536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1589199990000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Deadwood Characteristics in Mature and Old-Growth Birch Stands and Their Implications for Carbon Storage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7993-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silva","family":"\u0160\u0113nhofa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Jaunslaviete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guntars","family":"\u0160\u0146epsts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jur\u0123is","family":"Jansons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8270-6722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u012bga","family":"Liepa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Forestry Faculty, Liela 2, LV\u20133001 Jelgava, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0100ris","family":"Jansons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV\u20132169 Salaspils, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpp035","article-title":"Silviculture of birch (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in northern Europe","volume":"83","author":"Hynynen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2010.06.011","article-title":"Replacing coniferous monocultures with mixed-species production stands: An assessment of the potential benefits for forest biodiversity in northern Europe","volume":"260","author":"Felton","year":"2010","journal-title":"For. 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