{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:37:53Z","timestamp":1781383073999,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MZE-RO1721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MZE-RO1721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fermentation"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ever-growing number of biogas plants also leads to an increasing demand for suitable, alternative plant substrates. A currently dominant plant substrate is maize silage. However, intensive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as an energy crop in monocultures poses risk to the environment (soil erosion, depletion of soil nutrient supplies, increased concentration of pests\u2014Ostrinia nubilalis). In this study, results of experimental methane production from silages of alternative substrates, such as fodder mallow (Malva verticillata var. crispa L.; FM), white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medik.; WSC) and their mixture, are presented. Based on the dry matter yield of a mixed culture of mallow and sweet clover, the value of the land equivalent ratio parameter (LER) was set as 1.05. The obtained LER (&gt;1) value shows that the cultivation of the two tested crops in the mixed culture is more beneficial than their monocultures. Methane production from all three silage variants was fully comparable with results of methane production from the maize silage. Anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of FM and WSC did not result in higher methane yield than the average result of monosubstrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8030094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:00:40Z","timestamp":1645783240000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Using the Mixed Culture of Fodder Mallow (Malva verticillata L.) and White Sweet Clover (Melilotus albus Medik.) for Methane Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton\u00edn","family":"Kintl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Hu\u0148ady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-4673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Hol\u00e1tko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"V\u00edt\u011bz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"Hammerschmiedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5237-722X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Brtnick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad\u011bna","family":"Ondriskov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6401-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Elbl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradn\u00ed 1, 664 41 Troubsko, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.184","article-title":"Anaerobic co-digestion process for biogas production: Progress, challenges and perspectives","volume":"76","author":"Hagos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-6834-5-39","article-title":"Comparative study on factors affecting anaerobic digestion of agricultural vegetal residues","volume":"5","author":"Cioabla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabii, A., Aldin, S., Dahman, Y., and Elbeshbishy, E. (2019). A Review on Anaerobic Co-Digestion with a Focus on the Microbial Populations and the Effect of Multi-Stage Digester Configuration. Energies, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/en12061106"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"16","article-title":"Experiences with anaerobic digestion in the Czech Republic","volume":"1","author":"Kajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pridobljeno"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Einarsson, R., and Persson, U.M. (2017). Analyzing key constraints to biogas production from crop residues and manure in the EU\u2014A spatially explicit model. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171001"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2017.05.013","article-title":"Future European biogas: Animal manure, straw and grass potentials for a sustainable European biogas production","volume":"111","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Men\u0161\u00edk, L., Kincl, D., Neru\u0161il, P., Srbek, J., Hlisnikovsk\u00fd, L., and Smutn\u00fd, V. (2020). Water erosion reduction using different soil tillage approaches for maize (Zea mays L.) in the Czech Republic. Land, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/land9100358"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Otte, A. (2010). Biogas und Biodiversit\u00e4t-ein Gegensatz. Symposium Energiepflanzen-Landschaft Der Zukunft, Neu-Anspach."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2013.05.024","article-title":"Crop production for biogas and water protection\u2014A trade-off?","volume":"177","author":"Svoboda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.03.030","article-title":"Composting versus mechanical-biological treatment: Does it really make a difference in the final product parameters and maturity","volume":"106","author":"Elbl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elbl, J., Makov\u00e1, J., Javorekov\u00e1, S., Medo, J., Kintl, A., Lo\u0161\u00e1k, T., and Lukas, V. (2019). Response of microbial activities in soil to various organic and mineral amendments as an indicator of soil quality. Agronomy, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9090485"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., and Lal, R. (2018). Perennial and Intercrop Legumes as Energy Crops for Biogas Production. Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-0253-4"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Balliu, A., Nasto, T., and Sallaku, G. (2017). The Influence of Legume Crops on Subsequent Vegetable (Cole) Crops, Agriculture University of Tirana. Technical Report, FP7 Research Project No. 613781."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13132","article-title":"Improving intercropping: A synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology","volume":"206","author":"Brooker","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022612528161","article-title":"The comparison of nitrogen use and leaching in sole cropped versus intercropped pea and barley","volume":"65","author":"Ambus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2017.12.029","article-title":"Anaerobic mono-digestion of lucerne, grass and forbs\u2013Influence of species and cutting frequency","volume":"109","author":"Wahid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"323","article-title":"Biogas Production from Maize Grains and Maize Silage","volume":"19","author":"Lazor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479700001113","article-title":"Relative sowing time and density of component crops in a maize\/cowpea intercrop system","volume":"23","author":"Ofori","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp. Agric."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3923\/ja.2010.135.145","article-title":"Review on Maize based intercropping","volume":"9","author":"Thayamini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4141\/cjps78-078","article-title":"The biology of Canadian weeds.: 29. Melilotus alba Desr. and M. officinalis (L.) Lam","volume":"58","author":"Turkington","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.2010.495743","article-title":"Variation in coumarin content of Melilotus species grownin South Australia","volume":"53","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kada\u0148kov\u00e1, P., Kintl, A., Koukalov\u00e1, V., Ku\u010derov\u00e1, J., and Brtnick\u00fd, M. (2019, January 28). Coumarin content in silages made of mixed cropping biomass comprising maize and white sweetclover. Proceedings of the 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2019, Albena, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2019\/4.1\/S17.015"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00438-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00438-17","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of coumarin on syntrophic fatty acid-oxidizing and methanogenic cultures and biogas reactor microbiomes","volume":"83","author":"Popp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kintl, A., Elbl, J., V\u00edt\u011bz, T., Brtnick\u00fd, M., Skl\u00e1danka, J., Hammerschmiedt, T., and V\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e1, M. (2020). Possibilities of using white sweetclover grown in mixture with maize for biomethane production. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10091407"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of differential nitrogen fertilization on the nutritive value of fodder mallow (Malva verticillata L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) Eurostar variety","volume":"63","author":"Zielewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Res. Appl. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/15440478.2015.1029202","article-title":"Sweet Clovers, a Source of Fibers Adapted for Growth on Wet and Saline Soils","volume":"13","author":"Rigal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nat. Fibers"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2021, December 20). \u010cSN EN 15934 (2007). Available online: https:\/\/standards.iteh.ai\/catalog\/standards\/cen\/c7e440f9-c400-4318-8ee5-637e7f127c5d\/en-15934-2012."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2021, December 20). \u010cSN EN 15169 (2015). Available online: https:\/\/standards.iteh.ai\/catalog\/standards\/cen\/b990f274-8477-43ac-9afa-b3aa6e927413\/en-15169-2007."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-020-10173-0","article-title":"Impact of Maize Harvest Techniques on Biomethane Production","volume":"14","author":"Elbl","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2017, May 05). ISO 13906\u2014Determination of Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) Contents. Geneva, International Organization for Standardization. Available online: https:\/\/csnonline.agenturacas.cz\/Detailnormy.aspx?k=89284."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1556\/AChrom.27.2015.3.8","article-title":"Validation of SPME-GC-FID method for determination of fragrance allergens in selected cosmetic product","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Chromatogr."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"359","article-title":"Assessing the land equivalent ratio (LER) of two corn (Zea mays L.) varieties intercropping at various nitrogen levels in Karaj, Iran","volume":"7","author":"Dariush","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cent. Eur. Agric."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2298\/BAH1603311B","article-title":"Comparative studies of annual legumes","volume":"32","author":"Bozhanska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Anim. Husb."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation of grain yield and yield components in intercropping of maize and bean","volume":"11","author":"Charani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biharean Biologist"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"111","article-title":"Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the east mediterranean region","volume":"32","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk. J. Agric. For."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0014479700010978","article-title":"The Concept of a \u2018Land Equivalent Ratio\u2019 and Advantages in Yields from Intercropping","volume":"16","author":"Mead","year":"1980","journal-title":"Exp. Agric."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859604004745","article-title":"Comparison of interspecific competition and N use in pea\u2013barley, faba bean\u2013barley and lupin\u2013barley intercrops grown at two temperate locations","volume":"142","author":"Knudsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1161-0301(00)00080-0","article-title":"Nitrogen fixation by common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in pure and mixed stands in semi-arid South east Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Maingi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.59797\/ija.v46i1.3216","article-title":"Performance of inter-cropping legumes in fingermillet (Eleusine coracana) at varying fertility levels","volume":"46","author":"Maitra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.30954\/2347-9655.01.2019.3","article-title":"Enrichment of biodiversity, influence in microbial population dynamics of soil and nutrient utilization in cereal-legume intercropping systems: A Review","volume":"6","author":"Maitra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biores. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"96","article-title":"Assessment of yield advantages, competitiveness and economic benefits of diversified direct-seeded upland rice-based intercropping systems under strip geometry of planting","volume":"46","author":"Jabbar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Matusso, J.M.M., Mugwe, J.N., and Mucheru-Muna, M. (2012, January 24\u201328). Potential role of cereal-legume intercropping systems in integrated soil fertility management in smallholder farming systems of Sub-Saharan Africa Research Application Summary. Proceedings of the Third RUFORUM Biennial Meeting, Entebbe, Uganda."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulz, V.S., Munz, S., Stolzenburg, K., Hartung, J., Weisenburger, S., Mastel, K., M\u00f6ller, K., Claupein, W., and Graeff-H\u00f6nninger, S. (2018). Biomass and biogas yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown under artificial shading. Agriculture, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture8110178"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.10.014","article-title":"An aerobic digestion of fines from recovered paper processing\u2013Influence of fiber source, lignin and ash content on biogas potential","volume":"200","author":"Steffen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deublein, D., and Steinhauser, A. (2010). Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources, Wiley-VCH.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527632794"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/136401\/2021","article-title":"Nutrient matter, fatty acids, in vitro gas production and digestion of herbage and silage quality of yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) at different phenological stages","volume":"30","author":"Kara","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13909","article-title":"Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages","volume":"101","author":"Kung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.562-567.2003","article-title":"Acetic acid increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions","volume":"69","author":"Danner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Meiske, J.C., Linn, J.G., and Goodrich, R.D. (1975). Types of laboratory silos and an evaluation of their usefulness. Proceedings 2nd International Silage Research Conference, National Silo Assoc. Inc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73569-9","article-title":"Fermentation characteristics of corn forage ensiled in mini-silos","volume":"87","author":"Cherney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"20","article-title":"Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports","volume":"13","author":"Kung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Focus Forage"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.05.051","article-title":"Methane yield through anaerobic digestion for various maize varieties in China","volume":"118","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.01.012","article-title":"Effects of ensiling, silage additives and storage period on methane formation of biogas crops","volume":"102","author":"Herrmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.05.007","article-title":"Biogas production from maize and dairy cattle manure\u2014Influence of biomass composition on the methane yield","volume":"118","author":"Amon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-019-10003-y","article-title":"Mixed culture of corn and white lupine as an alternative to silage made from corn monoculture intended for biogas production","volume":"12","author":"Kintl","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioEnergy Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.07.043","article-title":"State indicators for monitoring the anaerobic digestion process","volume":"44","author":"Boe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, T., and Santos, E.M. (2016). Environmental Factors Affecting Corn Quality for Silage Production. Advances in Silage Production and Utilization, Intech Open.","DOI":"10.5772\/61574"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2017.03.007","article-title":"Phosphoketolase overexpression increases biomass and lipid yield from methane in an obligate methanotrophic biocatalyst","volume":"41","author":"Henard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab. Eng."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.05.155","article-title":"Achievements and perspectives of anaerobic co-digestion: Achievements and perspectives of anaerobic co-digestion: A review","volume":"194","author":"Siddique","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.10.015","article-title":"Anaerobic co-digestion: A critical review of mathematical modeling for performance optimization","volume":"222","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-015-1057-z","article-title":"The influence of carbon content in the mixture of substrates on methane production","volume":"18","author":"Mulka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clean Technol. Environ. Policy"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2011.03.017","article-title":"Efficacies of inocula on the startup of anaerobic reactors treating dairy manure under stirred and unstirred conditions","volume":"35","author":"Pandey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"47","article-title":"Grasses and legumes in mixture: An energy intercropping system intended for anaerobic digestion","volume":"8","author":"Gatta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ital. J. Agron."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.04.034","article-title":"Impact of protein-, lipid- and cellulose-containing complex substrates on biogas production and microbial communities in batch experiments","volume":"458","author":"Wagner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahring, B.K. (2003). Biomethanation I Series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45838-7"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv103","article-title":"Biogas production from coumarin-rich plants\u2014Inhibition by coumarin and recovery by adaptation of the bacterial community","volume":"91","author":"Popp","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Fermentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-5637\/8\/3\/94\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:27:16Z","timestamp":1760135236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2311-5637\/8\/3\/94"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["fermentation8030094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fermentation8030094","relation":{},"ISSN":["2311-5637"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2311-5637","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]}}}