{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T15:18:06Z","timestamp":1794496686667,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002878","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P12-AGR-18371 from Junta de Andaluc\u00eda and EU FEDER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P12-AGR-18371 from Junta de Andaluc\u00eda and EU FEDER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002878","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>New phytosterol (PS)-enriched sunflower seeds, which are higher in campesterol and \u22067-stigmastenol, have recently been developed. Crude oils obtained from these new sunflower seeds in 2015 and 2017 were used in this study. Oils extracted only by press (PO) and with subsequent solvent extraction (SO) were characterized. Physical refining (PhR) was used to obtain edible PO by minimal processing and to keep the PS levels as high as possible. Oils obtained by chemical processing were also studied for comparative purposes. Different bleaching treatments were examined to reduce the contents of phospholipids in the PO to levels required for PhR (&lt;10 mg kg\u22121). Phosphorous levels in PO from 2015 (9\u201312 mg kg\u22121) were reduced to optimal levels by bleaching with 0.1% Trisyl and 1% Tonsil 278 FF. Contrarily, treatments with Trisyl and Tonsil (278 FF or 114 FF) were not sufficient to reduce the higher levels in PO from 2017 (15\u201336 mg\/kg\u22121), thereby they were subjected to chemical refining (ChR). The PhR applied to PO from 2015 did not lead to substantial changes in the composition and total content of PS. In contrast, losses of up to approximately 30% of total PS were found owing to ChR, although the oils preserved their unique PS profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10081901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T21:27:45Z","timestamp":1629149265000},"page":"1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Attempts of Physical Refining of Sterol-Rich Sunflower Press Oil to Obtain Minimally Processed Edible Oil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"A\u00edda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Campus\/Bd 46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Campus\/Bd 46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4998-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s\/n, E-14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0750-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Victoria","family":"Ruiz-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Campus\/Bd 46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.04.001","article-title":"Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses","volume":"70","author":"Moreau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.01.012","article-title":"Cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanol ester in a new type of product matrix, a chewable dietary supplement","volume":"30","author":"Laitinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. 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