{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T19:34:33Z","timestamp":1778960073929,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0210202-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0210202-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic airway exposure to harmful substances, such as deleterious gases, cigarette smoke (CS), and particulate matter, triggers chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by impaired lung function and unbridled immune responses. Emerging epigenomic and genomic evidence suggests that excessive recruitment of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils contributes to COPD pathogenesis by producing various inflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil elastase, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL8. Recent studies showed that Epilobium species attenuated ROS, myeloperoxidase, and inflammatory cytokine production in murine and human innate immune cells. Although the Epilobium genus exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects, the question of whether the Epilobium species regulate lung inflammation and innate immune response in COPD has not been investigated. In this study, Epilobium pyrricholophum extract (EPE) suppressed inflammatory cell recruitment and clinical symptoms in porcine pancreatic elastase and CS extract-induced COPD mice. In addition, EPE attenuated inflammatory gene expression by suppressing MAPKs and NF\u03baB activity. Furthermore, UPLC-Q-TOF MS analyses revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of the identified phytochemical constituents of EPE. Collectively, our studies revealed that EPE represses the innate immune response and inflammatory gene expression in COPD pathogenesis in mice. These findings provide insights into new therapeutic approaches for treating COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10122929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T05:23:02Z","timestamp":1638163382000},"page":"2929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epilobiumpyrricholophum Extract Suppresses Porcine Pancreatic Elastase and Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Inflammatory response in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gun-Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dae Woon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Uk","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"},{"name":"Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Eun","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Functional Evaluation Support Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ok Hee","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Department of Food Science and Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52828, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea"},{"name":"EZmass. Co. Ltd., 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 55365, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"},{"name":"Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Soon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators (2017). 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