{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:49:53Z","timestamp":1780559393434,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministry of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QK1910121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QK1910121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006533","name":"Ministry of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RVO0518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RVO0518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006533","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Steak tartare is a raw, ready-to-eat meal popular in European countries, the safety of which is often discussed due to the risk of foodborne illness. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-packed steak tartare from retailers in the Czech Republic, characterize the strains obtained by typing methods and to evaluate the efficacy of ListexTM P100 against L. monocytogenes artificially inoculated into steak tartare samples. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 55% and 17 isolates belonging mostly to serotype 1\/2a were obtained. Altogether 11 sequence types and 11 clonal complexes were assigned based on the whole genome sequencing (WGS) signifying the high diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates obtained. Core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) did not confirm an epidemiological connection with human cases of listeriosis. The efficacy of ListexTM P100 treatment at concentrations of 108 and 109 PFU\/g on artificially inoculated beef steak tartare samples was not efficient. Based on the results of this study, steak tartare from retailers can be considered as a source of L. monocytogenes that remains a challenge to the food industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11040533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T21:08:43Z","timestamp":1644786523000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vacuum-Packed Steak Tartare: Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Evaluation of Efficacy of ListexTM P100"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8126-1987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucie","family":"Hluchanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296\/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristyna","family":"Korena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296\/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Juricova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296\/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-15-185","article-title":"Exploring the Bacterial Diversity of Belgian Steak Tartare Using Metagenetics and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis","volume":"79","author":"Delhalle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v87i1.1869","article-title":"A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis","volume":"87","author":"Matle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet.-Res."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2021, October 14). Listeriosis. Fact Sheet. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/listeriosis\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2021). The European Union One Health 2019 Zoonoses Report. EFSA J., 19, e06406.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6406"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.12.016","article-title":"A review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments","volume":"75","author":"Buchanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-19-087","article-title":"Distribution and Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in a Heavily Contaminated Poultry Processing Facility","volume":"82","author":"Melero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1907462","article-title":"Outbreak of Listeriosis in South Africa Associated with Processed Meat","volume":"382","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001565","article-title":"An outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey meat products in the Czech Republic, 2012\u20132016","volume":"146","author":"Ruppitsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Wu, Q., Zhang, J., Chen, M., Yan, Z., and Hu, H. (2015). Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence and Characteristics in Retail Raw Foods in China. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136682"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.02.034","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged meat and fish products of Estonian origin at retail level","volume":"67","author":"Kramarenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2021, October 20). Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073\/2005 of 15 November 2005 on Microbiological Criteria for Foodstuffs (Text with EEA Relevance). Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:02005R2073-20140601&from=DA."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2020.103581","article-title":"Characterization of persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains from ten dry-cured ham processing facilities","volume":"92","author":"Bravo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.01.010","article-title":"Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes in queso fresco cheese by a combination of listericidal and listeriostatic GRAS antimicrobials","volume":"155","author":"Soni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (2016). Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Listex\u2122 P100 for reduction of pathogens on different ready-to-eat (RTE) food products. EFSA J., 14, 4565.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2016.4565"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (1996). Microbiology of the Food Chain\u2014Horizontal Method for the Detection and Enumeration of Listeria Monocytogenes and of Listeria spp., International Organization for Standardization. Part 1: Detection method, ISO 11290-1; Part 2: Enumeration method, ISO 11290-2."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3819-3822.2004","article-title":"Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR","volume":"42","author":"Doumith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01193-15","article-title":"Defining and Evaluating a Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Typing of Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"53","author":"Ruppitsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12106","article-title":"Occurrence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Characterization ofListeria monocytogenesin the Beef Chain in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"62","author":"Khen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.9.2176","article-title":"Occurrence of Pathogens in Raw and Ready-to-Eat Meat and Poultry Products Collected from the Retail Marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","volume":"69","author":"Bohaychuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283638104","article-title":"Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"26","author":"Kalender","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160165","article-title":"Infectious Dose of Listeria monocytogenesin Outbreak Linked to Ice Cream, United States, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Pouillot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x-73.3.535","article-title":"Incidence and Contamination Level of Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria spp. in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products in Jordan","volume":"73","author":"Awaisheh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.021","article-title":"Factors associated with Listeria monocytogenes contamination of cold-smoked pork products produced in Latvia and Lithuania","volume":"115","author":"Korkeala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2012.06.047","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and serotype diversity in various foods","volume":"30","author":"Kramarenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Hluch\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1, L., Gelb\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, T., and Karp\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1, R. (Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 2022). Genetic diversity of human Listeria monocytogenes strains from the Czech Republic in 2016\u20132020, Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., in press."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160teingolde, \u017d., Meistere, I., Avsejenko, J., \u0136ibilds, J., Berg\u0161pica, I., Streiki\u0161a, M., Gradovska, S., Alksne, L., Roussel, S., and Terentjeva, M. (2021). Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Cattle Abortions in Latvia, 2013\u20132018. Veter-Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8090195"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.W., Haendiges, J., Keller, E.N., Myers, R., Kim, A., Lombard, J.E., Karns, J.S., Van Kessel, J.A.S., and Haley, B.J. (2018). Genetic diversity and virulence profiles of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from bulk tank milk, milk filters, and milking equipment from dairies in the United States (2002 to 2014). PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197053"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-19-030","article-title":"Prediction of Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes ST451 in a Rabbit Meat Processing Plant in the Czech Republic","volume":"82","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"380","article-title":"Genomes of sequence type 121 Listeria monocytogenes strains harbor highly conserved plasmids and prophages","volume":"6","author":"Stessl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-73.1.32","article-title":"Bacteriophage Significantly Reduces Listeria monocytogenes on Raw Salmon Fillet Tissue\u2020","volume":"73","author":"Soni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2005.08.005","article-title":"Bacteriophage P100 for control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: Genome sequence, bioinformatic analyses, oral toxicity study, and application","volume":"43","author":"Carlton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/4\/533\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:18:15Z","timestamp":1760134695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/4\/533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["foods11040533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11040533","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]]}}}