{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:49:25Z","timestamp":1784843365849,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Rural Development and Agriculture","award":["ADER 9.1.2.\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ADER 9.1.2.\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Meat industries across the world are constantly focusing to find natural low-cost additives for the development of novel meat products to meet consumer demand for improving the health benefits. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and the bioactive compounds of some herbal plants, namely basil, thyme, sage, and their functionality on broiler chicken thigh meat quality. Chemical composition, as well as total antioxidant activity, polyphenols, vitamin E lutein and zeaxanthin and the fatty acids of the plants, were analyzed. According to findings, total polyphenols was 21.53 mg gallic acid\/g in basil, 31.73 mg gallic acid\/g in thyme and 38.87 mg gallic acid\/g in sage. The antioxidant capacity was 19.91 mM Trolox in basil, 54.09 mM Trolox in thyme and 54.09 mM Trolox in sage. Lutein and zeaxanthin from basil was 267.91 mg\/kg, 535.79 mg\/kg in thyme and 99.89 mg\/kg, and vitamin E ranged from 291.71 mg\/kg in basil to 379.37 mg\/kg in thyme and 148.07 mg\/kg in sage, respectively. After, we developed a trial on 120 unsexed broiler chickens (n = 30) which were separated into four groups with six replications of five chickens each: control (C); 1% basil (B); 1% thyme (T) and 1% sage (S). The B, T and S groups deposited significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) concentration of zinc, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and vitamin E in meat samples compared with the C group. In the experimental groups, the proportion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in the thigh muscles were significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). The tested plants exhibited a significant (p = 0.0007) hypocholesterolemic effect in the meat of the B (45.90 mg\/g), T (41.60 mg\/g) and S (48.80 mg\/kg) experimental groups compared with the C (60.50 mg\/g) group. These results support the application of the studied plants as natural sources of additives which could be effective in improving meat quality, from the human consumption perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11081105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T21:15:35Z","timestamp":1649798135000},"page":"1105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Basil, Thyme and Sage Plant Additives and Their Functionality on Broiler Thigh Meat Quality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4156-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petru Alexandru","family":"Vlaicu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-5024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arabela Elena","family":"Untea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca Paula","family":"Turcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Saracila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Dumitra","family":"Panaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Maria","family":"Cornescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Physiology and Feed and Food Quality Departments, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalogianni, A.I., Lazou, T., Bossis, I., and Gelasakis, A.I. (2020). Natural phenolic compounds for the control of oxidation, bacterial spoilage, and foodborne pathogens in meat. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9060794"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, R.S., Imran, A., and Hussain, M.B. (2018). Nutritional Composition of Meat. Meat Science and Nutrition, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.77045"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"38","article-title":"Application of antioxidants in food processing industry: Options to improve the extraction yields and market value of natural products","volume":"5","author":"Admassu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Food Technol. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H.H., Chin, Y.-W., and Paik, H.-D. (2021). Application of natural preservatives for meat and meat products against food-borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria: A Review. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10102418"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manessis, G., Kalogianni, A.I., Lazou, T., Moschovas, M., Bossis, I., and Gelasakis, A.I. (2020). Plant-Derived Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121215"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2010). Substances Generally Recognized as Safe added to food for animals; Notice of Pilot Program. Fed. Regist., 75, 31800\u201331803. Available online: https:\/\/federalregister.gov\/a\/2010-13464."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.14710\/jitaa.43.1.54-65","article-title":"The effect of medicinal herb on fat deposition, meat composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler meats","volume":"43","author":"Santoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Indones. Trop. Anim. Agric."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitino, R., De Marchi, M., Manuelian, C.L., Johnson, M., Simoni, M., Righi, F., and Tsiplakou, E. (2021). Plant feed additives as natural alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidant vitamins on yield, quality, and oxidative status of poultry products: A Review of the literature of the last 20 years. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050757"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/66297\/2010","article-title":"Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition\u2013an alternative to infeed antibiotics","volume":"19","author":"Grashorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"165","article-title":"Implications of using some phytoadditives in broiler nutrition\u2014A review","volume":"63","author":"Saracila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Pap. Ser. D Anim. Sci. Int. Sess. Sci. Commun. Fac. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmadian, A., Seidavi, A., and Phillips, C.J.C. (2020). Growth, Carcass Composition, Haematology and Immunity of Broilers Supplemented with Sumac Berries (Rhus coriaria L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030513"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.2478\/azibna-2021-0015","article-title":"Herbal plants as feed additives in broiler chicken diets","volume":"24","author":"Vlaicu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Zootech."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2010.827.832","article-title":"Major antinutrients found in plant protein sources: Their effect on nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Akande","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2020.1845576","article-title":"Effect of dietary orange and grapefruit peel on growth performance, health status, meat quality and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens","volume":"19","author":"Vlaicu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"341","article-title":"Development and validation of a microwave digestion\u2013FAAS procedure for Cu, Mn and Zn determination in liver","volume":"63","author":"Untea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Chim."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"111","article-title":"Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, phosphomolybdenum assays for estimating antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in five different plant extracts","volume":"75","author":"Untea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. UASVM Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Untea, A.E., Varzaru, I., Panaite, T.D., Gavris, T., Lupu, A., and Ropota, M. (2020). The Effects of dietary inclusion of bilberry and walnut leaves in laying hens\u2019 diets on the antioxidant properties of eggs. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020191"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"10773","article-title":"Distribution of nutrients with benefic potential for the eyes in several medicinal plants","volume":"20","author":"Varzaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rom. Biotechnol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2018-0886","article-title":"Grapeseed meal used as natural antioxidant in high fatty acid diets for Hubbard broilers","volume":"21","author":"Turcu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00343-1","article-title":"Enriching laying hens eggs by feeding diets with different fatty acid composition and antioxidants","volume":"11","author":"Vlaicu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Cunniff, P. (1996). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, AOAC Intl.. [16th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"149","article-title":"Effect of peppermint and basil as feed additive on broiler performance and carcass characteristics","volume":"6","author":"Gurbuz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4995\/wrs.2014.1351","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on apparent digestibility and productive performance of growing rabbits","volume":"22","author":"Szendro","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"5757","article-title":"Minerals, proximate composition and their correlations of medicinal plants from Jordan","volume":"6","author":"Khalil","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.10.048","article-title":"Salinity from NaCl changes the nutrient and polyphenolic composition of basil leaves","volume":"127","author":"Scagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10967-016-4858-6","article-title":"Trace element content of Zingiber officinalis and Salvia officinalis medicinal plants from Algeria","volume":"309","author":"Lamari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s42398-020-00109-x","article-title":"Effects of salicylic acid on growth, mineral nutrition, glandular hairs distribution and essential oil composition in Salvia officinalis L. grown under copper stress","volume":"3","author":"Hazzoumi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1560\/IJPS.58.3-4.191","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and rosmarinic acid content in different basils (Ocimum spp.)","volume":"58","author":"Koroch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Isr. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"757","article-title":"Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family","volume":"72","author":"Kozlowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2478\/azibna-2020-0013","article-title":"Nutritional characterization of some natural plants used in poultry nutrition","volume":"23","author":"Turcu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Zootech."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-6-106","article-title":"Fatty acids in berry lipids of six sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L., subspecies carpatica) cultivars grown in Romania","volume":"6","author":"Dulf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2017.08.042","article-title":"Fatty acid, phytochemical, oxidative stability and in vitro antioxidant property of sea buckthorn (Hippopha\u00eb rhamnoides L.) oils extracted by supercritical and subcritical technologies","volume":"86","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"103","article-title":"Bioactive properties, fatty acid composition and mineral contents of grape seed and oils","volume":"38","author":"Hamurcu","year":"2017","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200219666180523102920","article-title":"Application of traditional Chinese herbal medicine by-products as dietary feed supplements and antibiotic replacements in animal production","volume":"20","author":"Abdallah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2020.1825998","article-title":"Does the dietary graded levels of herbal mixture powder impact growth, carcass traits, blood indices and meat quality of the broilers?","volume":"19","author":"Ashour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02994-8","article-title":"Effects of dietary sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil and medicinal plant powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality of colored broiler chickens raised in Vietnam","volume":"54","author":"Cong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5513\/JCEA01\/17.1.1664","article-title":"The effect of a phytogenic additive on nutritional composition of turkey meat","volume":"17","author":"Herkrl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cent. Eur. Agric."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-6-19","article-title":"Effect of mineral-enriched diet and medicinal herbs on Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu uptake in chicken","volume":"6","author":"Stef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2022, March 23). Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements. Available online: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-y2809e.pdf."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"144","article-title":"Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review","volume":"18","author":"Roohani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001162","article-title":"Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on meat nutritional quality and antioxidant status from broilers fed with Camelina-meal-supplemented diets","volume":"13","author":"Untea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2016-0042","article-title":"Polyphenols in Monogastric Nutrition\u2014A Review","volume":"17","author":"Mazur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oude Griep, L.M., Geleijnse, J.M., Kromhout, D., Ock\u00e9, M.C., and Verschuren, W.M.M. (2010). Raw and processed fruit and vegetable consumption and 10-year coronary heart disease incidence in a population-based cohort study in the netherlands. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013609"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen, S., and Chakraborty, R. (2011). The Role of Antioxidants in Human Health. Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy, American Chemical Society.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-2011-1083.ch001"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8052","DOI":"10.1021\/ac301925b","article-title":"Development of a silver nanoparticle-based method for the antioxidant capacity measurement of polyphenols","volume":"84","author":"Baki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2013.01.007","article-title":"Natural antioxidants in meat and poultry products","volume":"94","author":"Karre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.06.013","article-title":"Natural antioxidants protecting irradiated beef burgers from lipid oxidation","volume":"43","author":"Trindade","year":"2010","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.04.068","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of synthetic and natural antioxidants and its effect on warmed-over-flavour in different species of meat","volume":"105","author":"Jayathilakan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2018.04.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of combined high pressure processing and sage in beef burgers during prolonged chilled storage","volume":"51","author":"Mizi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.09.090","article-title":"The potential of herbs and spices to reduce lipid oxidation during heating and gastrointestinal digestion of a beef product","volume":"102","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-62-33-2019","article-title":"The effect of herbal feed additive on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets","volume":"62","author":"Antoszkiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00130","article-title":"Effects of thymol and carvacrol feed supplementation on lipid oxidation in broiler meat","volume":"89","author":"Luna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.179S","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States","volume":"71","author":"Taylor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00411","article-title":"Effect of dietary dehydrated pasture and citrus pulp on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens","volume":"87","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2004.03.005","article-title":"Citrus pulp as an ingredient in ostrich diet: Effects on meat quality","volume":"68","author":"Lanza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12090","article-title":"Growth performance, meat yield, oxidative stability, and Fatty Acid composition of meat from broilers fed diets supplemented with a medicinal plant and probiotics","volume":"25","author":"Hossain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601478","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity","volume":"56","author":"Calder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0044","article-title":"Effect of dietary pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed meal on layer performance and egg quality characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Vlaicu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2010.06.007","article-title":"Effect of dietary mixture of gallic acid and linoleic acid on antioxidative potential and quality of breast meat from broilers","volume":"86","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoidis, E., Simitzis, P., Kampantais, D., Katsoulas, P., Pappas, A.C., Papadomichelakis, G., and Goliomytis, M. (2022). Dietary Orange Pulp and Organic Selenium Effects on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Oxidative Stability Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031534"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00059-3","article-title":"Effect of genotype, feeding system and slaughter weight on the quality of light lambs: II. Fatty acid composition of meat","volume":"77","author":"Bessa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2011.00158.x","article-title":"Cholesterol content and methods for cholesterol determination in meat and poultry","volume":"10","author":"Dinh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"169","article-title":"Influence of two plant extracts derived from thyme and cinnamon on broiler performance","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"180","article-title":"Effect of dietary inclusion of turmeric and thyme powders on performance, blood parameters and immune system of broiler chickens","volume":"7","author":"Fallah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2011.02274.x","article-title":"Lipid and cholesterol oxidation in chicken meat are inhibited by sage but not by garlic","volume":"76","author":"Mariutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"943","article-title":"Effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in fattening chicks nutrition","volume":"6","author":"Stanaev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v49i5.9","article-title":"Natural feed additives for broiler chickens","volume":"49","author":"Hayajneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effect of dietary mimosa small bell (Dichostachys glomerata) fruit supplement as alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broiler chicken","volume":"7","author":"Ruben","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. World\u2019s Poul. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.04.022","article-title":"Implementing phytosterols into medical practice as a cholesterol-lowering strategy: Overview of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety","volume":"30","author":"AbuMweis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/8\/1105\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:52:35Z","timestamp":1760136755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/11\/8\/1105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["foods11081105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods11081105","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]}}}