{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T13:40:45Z","timestamp":1793799645763,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B020225004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B020225004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YG03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YG03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1212060047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI","award":["2020B020225004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B020225004"]}]},{"name":"Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI","award":["2022YG03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YG03"]}]},{"name":"Elite Rice Plan of GDRRI","award":["2020B1212060047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060047"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding","award":["2020B020225004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B020225004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding","award":["2022YG03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YG03"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding","award":["2020B1212060047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212060047"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated the dynamic changes in vitamin E and gene expression within its biosynthetic pathway during three germination periods of four brown rice cultivars with different seed coat colors. The results reveal that the vitamin E content increased during the germination process of all brown rice cultivars. Moreover, the content of \u03b1-tocopherol, \u03b1-tocotrienol, and \u03b2-tocopherol significantly increased at the later stage of germination. The expression levels of DXS1 and \u03b3-TMT genes in all cultivars were significantly increased, whilst the HGGT gene expression levels of G6 and XY cultivars increased significantly at the later stage of brown rice germination. In addition, the expression levels of MPBQ\/MT2 in G1 and G6 cultivars, and TC expression levels in G2 and G6 cultivars were substantially increased at the later stage of germination. Overall, the up-regulation of MPBQ\/MT2, \u03b3-TMT, and TC genes doubled the content of \u03b1-tocopherol, \u03b1-tocotrienol, and \u03b2-tocopherol, and the total vitamin E content of brown rice was at its highest at 96HAT. The utilization of the germination period can effectively improve the nutritional value of brown rice, which can be used for the development and utilization of brown rice for healthy rice products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11203200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T20:55:11Z","timestamp":1665694511000},"page":"3200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dynamic Changes in Vitamin E Biosynthesis during Germination in Brown Rice (Oryza sativa L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6818-4780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilei","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding\/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding\/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding\/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umair","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinbo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding\/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106500","article-title":"Influence of water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality and mercury uptake in different rice production systems","volume":"243","author":"Ishfaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agr. 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