{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T20:23:22Z","timestamp":1789590202481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Scientific Grant Agency VEGA","award":["1\/0464\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0464\/21"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Grant Agency VEGA","award":["APVV-16-0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-16-0171"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific Grant Agency VEGA","award":["313011ASS8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011ASS8"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/0464\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0464\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-16-0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-16-0171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313011ASS8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011ASS8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure","award":["1\/0464\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/0464\/21"]}]},{"name":"Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure","award":["APVV-16-0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-16-0171"]}]},{"name":"Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure","award":["313011ASS8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011ASS8"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, several alimentary diseases have been connected with the consumption or tasting of raw flour and dough. Microbiological quality concern is also raising due to increased consumer demand for plant powders, while some of them can be consumed without prior thermal processing. In this study, we have focused on the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in flour, plant powder and dough from Slovak retail. Our results indicated the presence of both total and antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci in the flour and powder samples. Lower numbers of the total, as well as resistant bacteria, were detected in flours compared to plant powders. Coliform bacteria isolates were predominantly identified as Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. Ampicillin resistance appeared in 97% of isolates followed by chloramphenicol resistance (22%) and tetracycline resistance (17%). The presence of the blaSHV gene was confirmed in 13% of isolates. The tetA and tetE genes were present in 25% of isolates of coliform bacteria. The presence of enterococci was detected only in plant powders. Antibiotic-resistant strains were identified as the following: Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. gallinarium and E. faecium. Despite the isolates showing resistance to vancomycin, the presence of the vanA gene was not detected. The majority of antibiotic-resistant isolates belonged to the group of medium biofilm producers. None of these isolates showed efflux pump overproduction. Antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria and enterococci were not detected in the processed doughs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11223582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T19:18:29Z","timestamp":1668107909000},"page":"3582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Flours and Different Plant Powders Used in Cuisine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Korenekov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-5213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Krahulcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Cverenk\u00e1rov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"\u010cerven\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"B\u00edro\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinsk\u00e9ho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-19-562","article-title":"Consumer Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding Food Safety Risks Associated with Wheat Flour","volume":"84","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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