{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:47Z","timestamp":1790709707549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cKyllikki ja Uolevi Lehikoinen\u201d","award":["IQUJA:10019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IQUJA:10019"]}]},{"name":"\u201cWalter Ehrstr\u00f6m\u201d Foundations","award":["IQUJA:10019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IQUJA:10019"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland","award":["IQUJA:10019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IQUJA:10019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne zoonotic bacterium. It is a heterogeneous species that can be classified into lineages, serogroups, clonal complexes, and sequence types. Only scarce information exists on the properties of L. monocytogenes from game and game meat. We characterised 75 L. monocytogenes isolates from various game sources found in Finland between 2012 and 2020. The genetic diversity, presence of virulence and antimicrobial genes were studied with whole genome sequencing. Most (89%) of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic lineage (Lin) II and serogroup (SG) IIa. SGs IVb (8%) and IIb (3%) of Lin I were sporadically identified. In total, 18 clonal complexes and 21 sequence types (STs) were obtained. The most frequent STs were ST451 (21%), ST585 (12%) and ST37 (11%) found in different sample types between 2012 and 2020. We observed 10 clusters, formed by closely related isolates with 0\u201310 allelic differences. Most (79%) of the virulence genes were found in all of the L. monocytogenes isolates. Only fosX and lin were found out of 46 antimicrobial resistance genes. Our results demonstrate that potentially virulent and antimicrobial-sensitive L. monocytogenes isolates associated with human listeriosis are commonly found in hunted game and game meat in Finland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11223679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:26:04Z","timestamp":1668655564000},"page":"3679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Hunted Game and Game Meat from Finland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fredriksson-Ahomaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaela","family":"Sauvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7946-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Kurittu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viivi","family":"Heljanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamari","family":"Heikinheimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, 60100 Sein\u00e4joki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0153-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13186","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13186","article-title":"Listeria Monocytogenes, a Model in Infection Biology","volume":"22","author":"Lecuit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. 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