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However, the effects of how melatonin regulates primary and secondary metabolites during fruit growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, the surfaces of tomato fruit were sprayed with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, and 100 \u00b5mol\u00b7L\u22121) on the 20th day after anthesis; we used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (LC\/MS) to determine the changes in primary and secondary metabolite contents during fruit development and measured the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes during fruit development. Our results showed that 100 \u00b5mol\u00b7L\u22121 melatonin significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruit by increasing the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and acid convertase (AI). The application of 100 \u00b5mol\u00b7L\u22121 melatonin also increased the contents of ten amino acids in tomato fruit as well as decreased the contents of organic acids. In addition, 100 \u00b5mol\u00b7L\u22121 melatonin application also increased the accumulation of some secondary metabolites, such as six phenolic acids, three flavonoids, and volatile substances (including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones). In conclusion, melatonin application improves the internal nutritional and flavor quality of tomato fruit by regulating the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites during tomato fruit ripening. In the future, we need to further understand the molecular mechanism of melatonin in tomato fruit to lay a solid foundation for quality improvement breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11244097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T07:27:30Z","timestamp":1671434850000},"page":"4097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Dou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7416-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2762-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeci","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03213A","article-title":"Plant-derived melatonin from food: A gift of nature","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannino, G., Pernici, C., Serio, G., Gentile, C., and Bertea, C.M. 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