{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:56:15Z","timestamp":1789836975752,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoonotic foodborne parasites often represent complex, multi host life cycles with parasite stages in the hosts, but also in the environment. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of important zoonotic foodborne parasites, with a focus on the different food chains in which parasite stages may occur. We have chosen some examples of meat-borne parasites occurring in livestock (Taenia spp., Trichinella spp. and Toxoplasma gondii), as well as Fasciola spp., an example of a zoonotic parasite of livestock, but transmitted to humans via contaminated vegetables or water, covering the \u2018farm to fork\u2019 food chain; and meat-borne parasites occurring in wildlife (Trichinella spp., Toxoplasma gondii), covering the \u2018forest to fork\u2019 food chain. Moreover, fish-borne parasites (Clonorchis spp., Opisthorchis spp. and Anisakidae) covering the \u2018pond\/ocean\/freshwater to fork\u2019 food chain are reviewed. The increased popularity of consumption of raw and ready-to-eat meat, fish and vegetables may pose a risk for consumers, since most post-harvest processing measures do not always guarantee the complete removal of parasite stages or their effective inactivation. We also highlight the impact of increasing contact between wildlife, livestock and humans on food safety. Risk based approaches, and diagnostics and control\/prevention tackled from an integrated, multipathogen and multidisciplinary point of view should be considered as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T05:30:27Z","timestamp":1672205427000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Foodborne Parasites and Their Complex Life Cycles Challenging Food Safety in Different Food Chains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gabri\u00ebl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5381-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Dorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganna","family":"Saelens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8745-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronique","family":"Dermauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\/World Health Organization) (2014). 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