{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T02:23:25Z","timestamp":1774319005571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selected polyphenolic compounds: epicatechin, apigenin, and naringenin, administered separately or in combination with zinc (Zn), on the growth and development of the neoplastic process induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. The impact of supplementation with the above-mentioned compounds on the content of modified derivatives: 1-methyladenosine, N6-methyl-2\u2019-deoxyadenosine, O-methylguanosine, 7-methylguanine, 3-methyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 2-amino-6,8-dihydroxypurine, and 8-hydroxy-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine in the urine of rats with mammary cancer was also assessed. Female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 7 groups were used in the study: animals without supplementation and animals supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin separately or in combination with zinc. To induce mammary cancer, rats were treated with DMBA. Modified derivatives were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that supplementation of the animals with naringenin inhibits the development and progression of the neoplastic process in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene. Neoplastic tumors were found in only 2 of 8 rats (incidence: 25%) and were considered to be at most grade 1 malignancy. The first palpable tumors in the group of animals receiving naringenin appeared two\u2013three weeks later when compared to other groups. The combination of zinc with flavonoids (apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin) seems to stimulate the process of carcinogenesis. The level of N6-methyl-2\u2019-deoxyadenosine and 3-methyladenine in the urine of rats was statistically significantly higher in the groups supplemented with apigenin, epicatechin, and naringenin administered in combination with Zn than in the groups receiving only polyphenolic compounds. In conclusion, supplementation of rats with selected flavonoids administered separately or in combination with Zn has an impact on the development of neoplasms and the level of modified nucleosides in the urine of rats with breast cancer. Our results raise the question of whether simultaneous diet supplementation with more than one anti-cancer agent may reduce\/stimulate the risk of carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12020356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:11:02Z","timestamp":1673493062000},"page":"356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Polyphenols and Zinc Co-Supplementation on the Development of Neoplasms in Rats with Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Martyna","family":"Jastrz\u0119bska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Warsaw Medical University, S. Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2567-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Giebu\u0142towicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Analysis, Warsaw Medical University, S. Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0052-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej K.","family":"Ciechanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, S. Banacha 1b Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Wrzesie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Warsaw Medical University, S. Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Bielecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Live Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1617-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Bobrowska-Korczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Warsaw Medical University, S. Banacha 1 Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, June 03). Breast Cancer Now Most Common Form of Cancer: WHO Taking Action. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/03-02-2021-breast-cancernow-most-com-mon-form-of-cancer-who-taking-action."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, June 03). Breast Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/breast-cancer."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Cancer Today (2022, June 03). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 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