{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:39:55Z","timestamp":1788881995524,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key R&amp;D Plan of Shandong Province","award":["2019GNC204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GNC204001"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Plan of Shandong Province","award":["22ZYJDSS00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZYJDSS00050"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Plan of Shandong Province","award":["NJ2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2020-02"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Tianjin","award":["2019GNC204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GNC204001"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Tianjin","award":["22ZYJDSS00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZYJDSS00050"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Tianjin","award":["NJ2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2020-02"]}]},{"name":"Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application of key laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["2019GNC204001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GNC204001"]}]},{"name":"Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application of key laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["22ZYJDSS00050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZYJDSS00050"]}]},{"name":"Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application of key laboratory of Sichuan Province","award":["NJ2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2020-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Distilled jujube liquor is an alcoholic beverage made from jujube, which has a unique flavor and a sweet taste. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of mixed fermentation on the quality of distilled jujube liquor by comparing the performance of mixed fermentation between S. cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and Lactobacillus. The results showed that there were significant differences in the quality of the jujube liquor between the combined strains. Moreover, Lactobacillus increased and P. pastoris reduced the total acid content. The results from an E-nose showed that the contents of methyl, alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone substances in the test bottle decreased significantly after decanting, while the contents of inorganic sulfide and organic sulfide increased. Fifty flavor compounds were detected, including nineteen esters, twelve alcohols, seven ketones, six aldehydes, three alkenes, one furan, one pyridine, and one acid. There were no significant differences in the type or content of flavor compounds. However, PLS-DA showed differences among the samples. Eighteen volatile organic compounds with variable importance in projection values &gt; 1 were obtained. There were sensory differences among the four samples. Compared with the sample fermented with only S. cerevisiae, the samples co-fermented with Lactobacillus or with P. pastoris had an obvious bitter taste and mellow taste, respectively. The sample fermented by all three strains had a prominent fruity flavor. Except for the sample fermented with only S. cerevisiae, the jujube flavor was weakened to varying degrees in all samples. Co-fermentation could be a valuable method to improve the flavor quality of distilled jujube liquor. This study revealed the effects of different mixed fermentation modes on the sensory flavor of distilled jujube liquor and provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of special mixed fermentation agents for distilled jujube liquor in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12040795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T05:25:26Z","timestamp":1676265926000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Analysis of the Effect of Mixed Fermentation on the Quality of Distilled Jujube Liquor by Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Flavor Sensory Description"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4994-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Busheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Pomegranate Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongguan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Pomegranate Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangcai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Zigong 643002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, Y., Chen, Q., Bi, J., Wu, X., Jin, X., Gou, M., Yang, X., and Purcaro, G. 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