{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:49:51Z","timestamp":1760647791704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"]}]},{"name":"Technology Project of National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs","award":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32272889","31872370","SQ2022YFD1300501","NCTIP-XD\/B04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To understand the potential mechanisms of dietary protein on intestinal and host health, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of isocaloric diets with high or low crude protein (CP) contents on young adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 180 healthy male rats were randomly assigned to six groups (six replicate pens per treatment with five rats per pen) and fed diets with 10% CP, 14% CP, 20% CP (control), 28% CP, 38% CP, and 50% CP. Compared with the control diet, the rats fed the 14% CP diet significantly elevated lymphocyte cell counts in the peripheral blood and ileum, whereas the 38% CP diet significantly activated the expression of the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the 50% CP diet reduced growth performance and fat deposition and increased the percentages of CD4+ T, B, and NK cells in the peripheral blood and the colonic mucosal expression of IL-8, TNF-\u03b1, and TGF-\u03b2. Overall, rats fed the 14% CP diet enhanced host immunity by increasing the numbers of immune cells, and the immunological state and growth of SD rats were negatively impacted by the diet containing 50% CP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1681096557000},"page":"1597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effect of Isocaloric Diets with Different Protein Contents on Young Adult Sprague Dawley Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liuting","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8465-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiru","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiejun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Academy of Chinese Natural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yetong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaman","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xie","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weizhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"The twilight of immunity: Emerging concepts in aging of the immune system","volume":"19","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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