{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:34:54Z","timestamp":1788093294828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province","award":["2021JJ30343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30343"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province","award":["2020JJ4368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4368"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province","award":["2020NK2032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NK2032"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province","award":["37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37"]}]},{"name":"The Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2021JJ30343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30343"]}]},{"name":"The Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2020JJ4368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4368"]}]},{"name":"The Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["2020NK2032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NK2032"]}]},{"name":"The Special Funds for Construction of Innovative Provinces in Hunan Province","award":["37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Research and Development Project of Hunan Development and Reform Commission","award":["2021JJ30343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ30343"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Research and Development Project of Hunan Development and Reform Commission","award":["2020JJ4368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JJ4368"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Research and Development Project of Hunan Development and Reform Commission","award":["2020NK2032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020NK2032"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Research and Development Project of Hunan Development and Reform Commission","award":["37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Damage to the reproductive system is the key factor leading to male infertility. Citrinin (CTN) is produced by Penicillium and Aspergillus in nature, and is definitely found in food and animal feed. Studies have revealed that CTN can cause damage to male reproductive organs and reduce fertility, but the mechanism of toxicity has not been revealed. In the present study, male Kunming mice were given different doses of CTN (0, 1.25, 5 or 20 mg\/kg BW) by intragastric administration. The results demonstrated that CTN exposure caused disorder of androgen, a decline in sperm quality, and histopathological damage of testis. The inhibition of the expression of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin suggests that the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was damaged. Simultaneously, CTN inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and SOD, and promoted the production of MDA and ROS, resulting in oxidative damage of testis. Additionally, apoptotic cells were detected and the ratio of Bax\/Bcl-2 was increased. Not only that, CTN activated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, and GRP78. Interestingly, 4-Phenylbutyric Acid (4-PBA, an ERS inhibitor) treatment blocked the adverse effects of CTN exposure on male reproduction. In short, the findings suggested that CTN exposure can cause damage to mouse testis tissue, in which ERS exhibited an important regulatory role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1681263308000},"page":"1616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Citrinin Exposure Induced Testicular Damage and Spermatogenesis Disorder by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, 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Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jine","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4259-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kepinska-Pacelik, J., and Biel, W. 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