{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T04:32:15Z","timestamp":1793248335039,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2022205007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2022205007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The liver is a digestive and metabolic organ, and several factors can induce liver damage, which is a severe threat to human health. As a natural polyphenolic compound, mangiferin belongs to xanthone glucoside and mainly exists in many plants, such as mango. It is notorious that mangiferin has remarkable pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidative stress, antiviral and so on. Emerging evidence indicates the therapeutic benefits of mangiferin against liver disease, including liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review aims to summarize the possible underlying signaling mediated by mangiferin in liver disease treatment and the available findings of mangiferin, which can be used to treat different liver diseases and may contribute to mangiferin as a therapeutic agent for liver disease in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12132469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T02:40:23Z","timestamp":1687747223000},"page":"2469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mangiferin for the Management of Liver Diseases: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lisi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xifu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4640-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.019","article-title":"The liver","volume":"27","author":"Trefts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020395","article-title":"Gut-liver axis, gut microbiota, and its modulation in the management of liver diseases: A review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Ivana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0099-1","article-title":"Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"00194","article-title":"Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update","volume":"S0168-8278","author":"Devarbhavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roehlen, N., Crouchet, E., and Baumert, T.F. (2020). Liver fibrosis: Mechanistic concepts and therapeutic perspectives. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040875"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2019.188314","article-title":"Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches","volume":"1873","author":"Anwanwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0449-y","article-title":"Mangiferin: A natural miracle bioactive compound against lifestyle related disorders","volume":"16","author":"Imran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01436B","article-title":"Mangiferin protects against alcoholic liver injury via suppression of inflammation-induced adipose hyperlipolysis","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30582-3","article-title":"Mangiferin relieves CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1159\/000491063","article-title":"Repression of WT1-Mediated LEF1 transcription by mangiferin governs \u03b2-catenin-independent wnt signalling inactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.152901","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of mangiferin in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents metformin and gliclazide","volume":"59","author":"Vidhushini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6422","article-title":"Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics","volume":"94","author":"Sauvik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114433","article-title":"Methoxyeugenol deactivates hepatic stellate cells and attenuates liver fibrosis and inflammation through a PPAR-\u0263 and NF-kB mechanism","volume":"280","author":"Haute","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-24180-9_5","article-title":"NF-kappaB, an evolutionarily conserved mediator of immune and inflammatory responses","volume":"560","author":"Xiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2010.213","article-title":"NF-\u03baB in the liver--linking injury, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Luedde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.119.4.633","article-title":"Influence of neomycin and ingested endotoxin in the pathogenesis of choline deficiency cirhosis in the adult rat","volume":"119","author":"Broitman","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.12.034","article-title":"Targeting oncogenic transcription factors by polyphenols: A novel approach for cancer therapy","volume":"130","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777500","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.777500","article-title":"Safranal prevents liver cancer through inhibiting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Abdalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1299","article-title":"The potential role of mangiferin in cancer treatment through its immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, apoptopic, and gene regulatory effects","volume":"42","author":"Daglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal, P.B., Sinha, K., and Sil, P.C. (2013). Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, protects murine liver in Pb(II) induced hepatic damage and cell death via MAP kinase, NF-\u03baB and mitochondria dependent pathways. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056894"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109097","article-title":"Mangiferin ameliorates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through APAP-Cys and JNK modulation","volume":"117","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2013007490","article-title":"Pleiotropic roles of TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling in the progression of chronic liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Exp."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22865","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.36.22865","article-title":"Physical and functional interaction of SMADs and p300\/CBP","volume":"273","author":"Pouponnot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81249-0","article-title":"Xenopus mad proteins transduce distinct subsets of signals for the TGF beta superfamily","volume":"85","author":"Graff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1350705","article-title":"Smad transcription factors","volume":"19","author":"Seoane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-022-01569-x","article-title":"Targeting TGF-\u03b2 signal transduction for fibrosis and cancer therapy","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78771-3_12","article-title":"Growth control of melanoma cells and melanocytes by cytokines","volume":"139","author":"Krasagakis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Recent. Results Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-018-0972-0","article-title":"The truncated mutant HBsAg expression increases the tumorigenesis of hepatitis B virus by regulating TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida, K., Matsuzaki, K., Murata, M., Yamaguchi, T., Suwa, K., and Okazaki, K. (2018). Clinico-pathological importance of TGF-\u03b2\/Phospho-Smad signaling during human hepatic fibrocarcinogenesis. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10060183"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andreotti, M., Pirillo, M.F., Liotta, G., Jere, H., Maulidi, M., Sagno, J.B., Luhanga, R., Amici, R., Mancini, M.G., and Gennaro, E. (2014). The impact of HBV or HCV infection in a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women receiving a nevirapine-based antiretroviral regimen in Malawi. BMC Infect. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-180"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S186726","article-title":"Ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation via inhibition of TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug. Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.10.028","article-title":"Mistletoe alkaloid fractions alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis through inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation via TGF-\u03b2\/Smad interference","volume":"158","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7549","article-title":"Mangiferin prevents hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis via targeting HSP27-mediated JAK2\/STAT3 and TGF-\u03b21\/Smad pathway","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13753","article-title":"Mangiferin inhibits chronic stress-induced tumor growth in colorectal liver metastases via WAVE2 signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative Stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010","article-title":"Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress","volume":"1865","author":"Bellezza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.9.3459","article-title":"Erythroid maturation and globin gene expression in mice with combined deficiency of NF-E2 and nrf-2","volume":"91","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6943","article-title":"An Nrf2\/small Maf heterodimer mediates the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme genes through antioxidant response elements","volume":"236","author":"Itoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.1.76","article-title":"Keap1 represses nuclear activation of antioxidant responsive elements by Nrf2 through binding to the amino-terminal Neh2 domain","volume":"13","author":"Itoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1248","article-title":"Keap1-null mutation leads to postnatal lethality due to constitutive Nrf2 activation","volume":"35","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00638","article-title":"Mangiferin ameliorates cisplatin induced acute kidney injury by upregulating Nrf-2 via the activation of PI3K and exhibits synergistic anticancer activity with cisplatin","volume":"9","author":"Sadhukhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7721","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.22.7721-7730.2001","article-title":"Mitochondrially associated hepatitis B virus X protein constitutively activates transcription factors STAT-3 and NF-kappa B via oxidative stress","volume":"21","author":"Waris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110781","article-title":"Protective effects of raspberry on the oxidative damage in HepG2 cells through Keap1\/Nrf2-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"133","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.01.015","article-title":"Mangiferin exerts hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine induced acute toxicity and oxidative\/nitrosative stress via Nrf2-NF\u03baB pathways","volume":"260","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.12.006","article-title":"Mangiferin alleviates lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"770","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.94","article-title":"Inflammasome activation and function in liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Szabo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5271295","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5271295","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptor-mediated chronic inflammation in the development and progression of obesity-related metabolic diseases","volume":"2019","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27368","article-title":"The role of inflammasome complex in ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"124","author":"Mohamadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3724\/abbs.2022137","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation mechanism and its role in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"54","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.09.002","article-title":"Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: Molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.09.008","article-title":"Sterile inflammation in the liver","volume":"143","author":"Kubes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-014-1170-1","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation is required for fibrosis development in NAFLD","volume":"92","author":"Wree","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084566","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4084566","article-title":"Mangiferin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD through regulation of the AMPK and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathways","volume":"2021","author":"Yong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00153K","article-title":"Mangiferin improves hepatic damage-associated molecular patterns, lipid metabolic disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol hepatitis rats","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2017.01.005","article-title":"AMPK signalling in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Carling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M022897","article-title":"AMPK activation with glabridin ameliorates adiposity and lipid dysregulation in obesity","volume":"53","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13395","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M412993200","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit tethers alpha and gamma subunits via its C-terminal sequence (186\u2013270)","volume":"280","author":"Iseli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E730","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00225.2016","article-title":"Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Role of AMPK","volume":"311","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"476279","article-title":"Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle","volume":"2010","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2021.1886829","article-title":"AMPK protects against alcohol-induced liver injury through UQCRC2 to up-regulate mitophagy","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.036","article-title":"Genetic liver-specific AMPK activation protects against diet-induced obesity and NAFLD","volume":"26","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2676","article-title":"The LKB1-AMPK pathway: Metabolism and growth control in tumour suppression","volume":"9","author":"Shackelford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.009","article-title":"AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.05.121","article-title":"Regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis by mango tree leaf extract is mediated by AMPK and PI3K\/AKT signaling pathways","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c18-00905","article-title":"Effects of benzophenones from mango leaves on lipid metabolism","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, J., Liu, Z., Apontes, P., Feng, D., Pessin, J.E., Sauve, A.A., Angeletti, R.H., and Chi, Y. (2014). Dual mode action of mangiferin in mouse liver under high fat diet. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090137"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1276","article-title":"Attenuative role of mangiferin in oxidative stress-mediated liver dysfunction in arsenic-intoxicated murines","volume":"42","author":"Saha","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803037","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.803037","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and its role in liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.05.021","article-title":"Mangiferin protects against intestinal ischemia\/reperfusion-induced liver injury: Involvement of PPAR-\u03b3, GSK-3\u03b2 and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"809","author":"Soubh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26087","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125942","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6346","article-title":"Dietary zerumbone, a sesquiterpene, ameliorates hepatotoxin-mediated acute and chronic liver injury in mice","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806249","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.806249","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies for drug-induced liver injury: A current literature review","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v1.i1.72","article-title":"Oxidative stress signaling underlying liver disease and hepatoprotective mechanisms","volume":"1","author":"Videla","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1949289","article-title":"Chronic liver disease and oxidative stress\u2014A narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Seen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/10408449991349258","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha and toxicology","volume":"29","author":"Luster","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8394818","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8394818","article-title":"The potential and action mechanism of polyphenols in the treatment of liver diseases","volume":"2018","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02227-9","article-title":"Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, H., Khan, A., Baig, M.W., Ullah, N., Ahmed, N., Tipu, M.K., Ali, H., and Khan, S. (2020). Poncirin attenuates CCL4-induced liver injury through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in mice. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-02906-7"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvaa056","article-title":"Mangiferin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute liver injury by regulating the miR-20a\/miR-101a-Nrf2 axis","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00285","article-title":"Mangiferin attenuates LPS\/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by promoting HO-1 in kupffer cells","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhen, Y., Chen, X., Cao, L., Song, J., Liu, X., and Wang, M. (2023). Mangiferin protects DNase 2 abundance via Nrf2 activation to prevent cytosolic mtDNA accumulation during liver injury. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., e2200885.","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200885"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: The state of the disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calzadilla Bertot, L., and Adams, L.A. (2016). The natural course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050774"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.601","article-title":"Liver NF-kappaB and AP-1 DNA binding in obese patients","volume":"17","author":"Videla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2022.06.017","article-title":"Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"159","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: A multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2018.1472714","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol and mangiferin on PPAR\u03b3 and FALDH gene expressions in adipose tissue of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes in rats","volume":"16","author":"Sarkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2017.12.007","article-title":"Isolated mangiferin and naringenin exert antidiabetic effect via PPAR(\u03b3)\/GLUT4 dual agonistic action with strong metabolic regulation","volume":"280","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201420140212","article-title":"Modulation of diabetes and dyslipidemia in diabetic insulin-resistant rats by mangiferin: Role of adiponectin and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"86","author":"Saleh","year":"2014","journal-title":"An. Acad. Bras. Cienc."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115386","article-title":"Lipidomics of the erythrocyte membrane and network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of mangiferin from Anemarrhenae rhizoma in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus rats","volume":"230","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, Y., Li, S., Na, L., Feng, R., Liu, L., Li, Y., and Sun, C. (2012). Mangiferin decreases plasma free fatty acids through promoting its catabolism in liver by activation of AMPK. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030782"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noh, J.W., Lee, H.Y., and Lee, B.C. (2022). Mangiferin ameliorates obesity-associated inflammation and autophagy in high-fat-diet-fed mice: In silico and in vivo approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315329"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201100392","article-title":"Beneficial effects of mangiferin on hyperlipidemia in high-fat-fed hamsters","volume":"55","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"8753436","article-title":"The compound of mangiferin-berberine salt has potent activities in modulating lipid and glucose metabolisms in hepG2 cells","volume":"2016","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.011","article-title":"Burden of liver disease in Europe: Epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies","volume":"69","author":"Pimpin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.02.008","article-title":"X-3, a mangiferin derivative, stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db\/db mice","volume":"405","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4861","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00651F","article-title":"Acute treatment with mangifera indica L. leaf extract attenuates liver inflammation in rats fed a cafeteria diet","volume":"10","author":"Toledo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.022","article-title":"Mangiferin ameliorates fatty liver via modulation of autophagy and inflammation in high-fat-diet induced mice","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00201","article-title":"Mangiferin improves hepatic lipid metabolism mainly through its metabolite-norathyriol by modulating SIRT-1\/AMPK\/SREBP-1c signaling","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.469","article-title":"ACG clinical guideline: Alcoholic liver disease","volume":"113","author":"Singal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.05.004","article-title":"Pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Osna","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2015.06.015","article-title":"Reversibility of liver fibrosis","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282","article-title":"Liver fibrosis","volume":"115","author":"Bataller","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22672","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.552141","article-title":"High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) participates in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD)","volume":"289","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27036","article-title":"Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver but worsens liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice","volume":"60","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02418.x","article-title":"Kupffer cell sensitization by alcohol involves increased permeability to gut-derived endotoxin","volume":"25","author":"Enomoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.184","article-title":"The cellular pathways of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.10.001","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Epidemiology, etiology and molecular classification","volume":"149","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061","article-title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"142","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0186-y","article-title":"A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma: Trends, risk, prevention and management","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12818","article-title":"Global patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma management from diagnosis to death: The BRIDGE Study","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/17.4.265","article-title":"Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies: A review","volume":"17","author":"Arlt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2018027392","article-title":"Mangiferin attenuated diethynitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in sprague-dawley rats via alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.08.001","article-title":"Mangiferin treatment inhibits hepatic expression of acyl-coenzyme A: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 in fructose-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats: A link to amelioration of fatty liver","volume":"280","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/12\/13\/2469\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:59:28Z","timestamp":1760126368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/12\/13\/2469"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["foods12132469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12132469","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]}}}