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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the rectum and colon with increasing incidence and long duration, and is difficult to cure. The effect of sea cucumber peptide on UC is currently unknown. In this study, 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was added to the drinking water of mice to induce a UC model, and the daily doses of sea cucumber peptide (SP) solution of 200 mg\/kg\u00b7BW, 500 mg\/kg\u00b7BW, and 1000 mg\/kg\u00b7BW were given to UC mice to detect the relieving effect of SP. The results showed that SP can reduce the disease activity index (DAI) of UC mice induced by DSS and can alleviate colon shortening, intestinal tissue damage, and the loss of intestinal tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin). SP decreased the spleen index, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in UC mice. SP can alleviate the imbalance of gut microbiota in UC mice, increase the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Ligilactobacillus, and reduce the abundance of Bacteroides and the Eubacterium rum group, as well as alleviating the decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the feces of UC mice. Notably, SP inhibited miR-155 expression in the colon tissue of UC mice and increased its target protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which acts as an inflammatory inhibitor. In summary, the ameliorative effect of SP on UC may be achieved by improving the imbalance of gut microbiota and regulating the miR-155\/SOCS1 axis. This study provides a new idea for developing SP as a nutritional supplement to maintain intestinal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12183434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T03:50:10Z","timestamp":1694749810000},"page":"3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sea Cucumber Peptide Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium by Alleviating Gut Microbiota Imbalance and Regulating miR-155\/SOCS1 Axis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"},{"name":"School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lechen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0629-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3981-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China"},{"name":"Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300450, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China\u2212Russia Agricultural Products Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0415-0","article-title":"Targeting immune cell circuits and trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"20","author":"Neurath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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