{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:14:17Z","timestamp":1782936857257,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hunan One Hundred Billion Tea Industry Chain Key Technology Innovation and Demonstration","award":["2021NK1020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021NK1020-4"]}]},{"name":"Hunan One Hundred Billion Tea Industry Chain Key Technology Innovation and Demonstration","award":["CARS-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-19"]}]},{"name":"Hunan One Hundred Billion Tea Industry Chain Key Technology Innovation and Demonstration","award":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2021NK1020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021NK1020-4"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-19"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"]}]},{"name":"Hunan \u201cWucai Xiang Tea\u201d Advantages and Characteristics Industrial Cluster Construction Project Implementation","award":["2021NK1020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021NK1020-4"]}]},{"name":"Hunan \u201cWucai Xiang Tea\u201d Advantages and Characteristics Industrial Cluster Construction Project Implementation","award":["CARS-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-19"]}]},{"name":"Hunan \u201cWucai Xiang Tea\u201d Advantages and Characteristics Industrial Cluster Construction Project Implementation","award":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Plan Xiangcainongzhi [2021] No. 62"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by hyperglycemia, an imbalance in the intestinal flora and disruption of the endocrine system. At present, it is primarily controlled through drug treatment and an improved diet. Mulberry leaf and fu brick tea were considered to have excellent hypoglycemic effects. This study used mulberry leaves and fu brick tea as raw materials to develop a dietary regulator that can assist in the prevention and alleviation of diabetes. The experiment used the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf fu tea (MFT) and its influence on the intestinal flora of diabetic rats through methods including ELISA, tissue section observation and 16S RNA microbial sequencing. The results showed that, compared with the GK group, the intervention of mulberry leaf fu tea significantly reduced the activities of \u03b1-glucosidase (p &lt; 0.05) and \u03b1-amylase (p &lt; 0.05) in the duodenum of GK diabetic rats. The height of the duodenal villi was significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.001), leading to decreased intestinal sugar absorption. At the same time, MFT alleviates the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by high blood sugar, promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, etc.), and inhibits the reproduction of harmful bacteria (Blautia, Klebsiella, Helicobacter, Alistipes, etc.). MFT helps reduce the secretion of toxic substances (lipopolysaccharide, p &lt; 0.001), decreases oxidative stress and inflammation, mitigates organ damage, and improves symptoms of diabetes. Finally, the random blood glucose value of GK rats dropped from 22.79 mmol\/L to 14.06 mmol\/L. In summary, mulberry leaf fu tea can lower sugar absorption in diabetic rats, reduce the body\u2019s oxidative stress and inflammatory response, regulate intestinal flora, and reduce blood sugar levels in GK rats. It is hinted that mulberry leaf fu tea could be used as a functional drink to help prevent the occurrence of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12214006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T09:16:21Z","timestamp":1698916581000},"page":"4006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Mulberry Leaf Fu Tea on the Intestines and Intestinal Flora of Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Changwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhe","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronggang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31371-5","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents: A Severe Phenotype Posing Major Clinical Challenges and Public Health Burden","volume":"389","author":"Viner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00446-0","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Influence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)","volume":"13","author":"Cunningham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2021.101507","article-title":"Gut Microbiome, Prebiotics, Intestinal Permeability and Diabetes Complications","volume":"35","author":"Snelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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