{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:59:55Z","timestamp":1791824395595,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["B83C22004790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B83C22004790001"]}]},{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["B83C22004790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B83C22004790001"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["B83C22004790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B83C22004790001"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]},{"name":"ON Foods\u2014Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security\u2014Working ON Foods","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"ON Foods\u2014Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security\u2014Working ON Foods","award":["B83C22004790001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B83C22004790001"]}]},{"name":"ON Foods\u2014Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security\u2014Working ON Foods","award":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUTRAGE FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tritordeum is an amphiploides species resulting from the hybridization between durum wheat (T. durum) and wild barley (H. chilense). This new cereal is considered a natural crop as it is obtained by traditional breeding techniques. Given its appreciable organoleptic characteristics, agronomic features, presence of interesting components, and good technological properties, Tritordeum is of promising interest for the development of health-oriented foods. In this study, we evaluated two registered Tritordeum cultivars, Bulel and Aucan. T. durum (Provenzal) was employed as the positive control. The extracted proteins were digested by gastric\/pancreatic proteases, and their biological effects on Caco-2 differentiated on transwell inserts were determined. Changes in cell viability, monolayer permeability, organization of F-actin microfilaments, and ER stress triggered by protein-digested samples (DPs) were inspected. Our results showed that exposure to Provenzal-DPs promptly disrupted the tight junction barrier. Conversely, Aucan-DPs did not enhance monolayer permeability, whereas Bulel-DPs exerted only slight effects. Provental-DPs-induced toxicity was also confirmed by changes in cell viability and by the deep reorganization of the enterocyte cytoskeleton. In contrast, Aucan-DPs and Bulel-DPs did not affect monolayer viability and cytoskeleton structure. Overall, our findings suggest that both Tritordeum cultivars could be potential candidates for mitigating the toxicity of wheat flour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13050661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:28:47Z","timestamp":1708601327000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tritordeum: Promising Cultivars to Improve Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"De Caro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Venezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy"},{"name":"LILT\u2014Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigia","family":"Di Stasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4393-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Danzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), 75012 Metaponto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7179-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Pignone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioethics for Veterinary and Food, 00054 Fiumicino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Mamone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5231-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Iacomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacEvilly, C. 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