{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:52:27Z","timestamp":1760143947287,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HZAU-AGIS Cooperation Fund","award":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"]}]},{"name":"Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project","award":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department","award":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Project of Huaihua","award":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZJY2022021","2023ZYQ138","21A0614","2021R3102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of a sodium hyaluronate health drink in immunosuppressed mice. The results showed that the sodium hyaluronate health drink could improve thymus atrophy, repair spleen cell damage, promote the release of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in serum, restore immune deficiency, and enhance immune function. In addition, 16s rRNA sequencing results of intestinal flora showed that different doses of health drink had different effects on the intestinal flora of mice. The low-dose group of mice showed a significant up-regulation of the abundance of Lactobacillus and promoted the formation of a new genus Akkermansia, while the medium- and high-dose group up-regulated the abundance of Lactobacillus and norank-f-Muribaculaceae, and stimulated the production of the new genus Alistipes. Sodium hyaluronate health drink may enhance the immune function of mice by changing the composition and abundance of intestinal flora, which provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent product development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13060842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1710147401000},"page":"842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunomodulatory Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Health Drink on Immunosuppressed Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health & Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4694-159X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bangzhu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"20631","article-title":"Immuno-enhancement effects of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. polysaccharide on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1114","article-title":"A polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym. Sci. Technol. Asp. Ind. Important Polysacch."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117876","article-title":"Polysaccharides in natural products that repair the damage to intestinal mucosa caused by cyclophosphamide and their mechanisms: A review","volume":"261","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104057","article-title":"Effects of polysaccharides from bee collected pollen of Chinese wolfberry on immune response and gut microbiota composition in cyclophosphamide-treated mice","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115475","article-title":"Longan pulp polysaccharides relieve intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro by promoting tight junction expression","volume":"229","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, A., Wan, H., Feng, L., Yang, B., and Wan, Y. (2023). Protective Effect of Anoectochilus formosanus Polysaccharide against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in BALB\/c Mice. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12091910"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9268","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01646J","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Isaria cicadae Miquel with different extraction processes: Effects on gut microbiota and immune response in mice","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.039","article-title":"The regulating effect of Tibet Opuntia ficusindica (Linn.) Mill. polysaccharides on the intestinal flora of cyclophosphamide-induced immunocompromised mice","volume":"207","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700466","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700466","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota are involved in the immunomodulatory activities of longan polysaccharide","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.104","article-title":"Ginger polysaccharides enhance intestinal immunity by modulating gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice","volume":"223","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.115957","article-title":"Cultured Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides modulate intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice","volume":"235","author":"Ying","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3469","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c05590","article-title":"Modulating Effects of Turmeric Polysaccharides on Immune Response and Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice","volume":"72","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)75338-6","article-title":"The Polysaccharide of the Vitreous Humor","volume":"107","author":"Meyer","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.1995.210380208","article-title":"Kinetic study of a radical scavenging effect of hyaluronic acid","volume":"38","author":"Tokita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1747","article-title":"Daily consumption of the collagen supplement Pure Gold Collagen reduces visible signs of aging","volume":"9","author":"Sara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200104000-00021","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intraarticular sodium hyaluronate in knee osteoarthritis. ORTHOVISC Study Group","volume":"385","author":"Brandt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516665809","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"45","author":"Cole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1450910","article-title":"Application of hyaluronic acid as carriers in drug delivery","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.03.098","article-title":"Anti-obesity potential of enzymatic fragments of hyaluronan on high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"473","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3181a5ac8a","article-title":"CL097, a TLR7\/8 ligand, inhibits TLR-4\u2014Dependent activation of IRAK-M and BCL-3 expression","volume":"32","author":"Petricevic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.9b01278","article-title":"Development of pH-Responsive Hyaluronic Acid-Based Antigen Carriers for Induction of Antigen-Specific Cellular Immune Responses","volume":"5","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.07.005","article-title":"Targeting TNF-\u03b1 receptors for neurotherapeutics","volume":"31","author":"Chadwick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1521","article-title":"Regulation of Cytokines, Cytokine Inhibitors, and Acute-Phase Proteins Following Anti-TNF-\u03b1 Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"163","author":"Charles","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316069","article-title":"Mechanisms of TNF-alpha- and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"111","author":"Ritchlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2194","article-title":"Low Circulating Adropin Concentrations with Obesity and Aging Correlate with Risk Factors for Metabolic Disease and Increase after Gastric Bypass Surgery in Humans","volume":"97","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.02873-0","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila gen. Nov., sp. Nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium","volume":"54","author":"Derrien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"205","article-title":"Research Progress on Immune Mechanism of Polysaccharide","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Yunnan Agric. Univ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.12.019","article-title":"Immuno-enhancement effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb\/c mice","volume":"139","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-008-0207-2","article-title":"Effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharides on immunological function and expression of immune related cytokines in mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.01.007","article-title":"Intake of total saponins and polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum affects the gut microbiota in diabetic rats","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.08.015","article-title":"Effects of polysaccharides on glycometabolism based on gut microbiota alteration","volume":"92","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110591","article-title":"Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora","volume":"308","author":"Eckburg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2007.12.007","article-title":"Is meconium from healthy newborns actually sterile?","volume":"159","author":"Odriozola","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2010.02.004","article-title":"Establishment and development of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria microbiota in breast-milk and the infant gut","volume":"16","author":"Margolles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0830-3","article-title":"The potter\u2019s wheel: The host\u2019s role in sculpting its microbiota","volume":"68","author":"Bevins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.008","article-title":"Role of the enteric microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation","volume":"68","author":"Koboziev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378024","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/378024","article-title":"Dietary hyaluronic acid migrates into the skin of rats","volume":"2014","author":"Oe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102283","article-title":"First description of abdominal infection due to Alistipes onderdonkii","volume":"66","author":"Cobo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636272","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.636272","article-title":"Gut Microbiota of Chinese Obese Children and Adolescents with and Without Insulin Resistance","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derrien, M., Van Baarlen, P., Hooiveld, G., Norin, E., M\u00fcller, M., and De Vos, W.M. (2011). Modulation of Mucosal Immune Response, Tolerance, and Proliferation in Mice Colonized by the Mucin-Degrader Akkermansia muciniphila. Front. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00166"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/6\/842\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:11:28Z","timestamp":1760105488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/13\/6\/842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["foods13060842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods13060842","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2304-8158"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]}}}