{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:43:17Z","timestamp":1790044997434,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","award":["1630152022002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630152022002"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","award":["1630142022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630142022009"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","award":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","award":["ZDYF2019108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2019108"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences","award":["CATASCXTD202304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATASCXTD202304"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["1630152022002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630152022002"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["1630142022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630142022009"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2019108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2019108"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province","award":["CATASCXTD202304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATASCXTD202304"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","award":["1630152022002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630152022002"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","award":["1630142022009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1630142022009"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","award":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2021XDNY150"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","award":["ZDYF2019108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2019108"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center","award":["CATASCXTD202304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CATASCXTD202304"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The differences in chemical components, nutritional value, volatile organic compounds, antioxidant activity and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibiting capacity in vitro in coconut waters with different maturities (8, 10, and 12 months after pollination and germination height below 10 cm were named CW-8, CW-10, CW-2, and MCW, respectively) from the tall coconut variety were compared and analyzed. Results showed that as the maturity increased, the ash and reducing sugar in coconut water gradually decreased, while the protein content and fatty acids continued to increase. Potassium, phosphorus, and sodium in four coconut waters showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and CW-12 had the highest content of 2133.85 mg\/kg, 239.74 mg\/kg, and 310.75 mg\/kg, respectively. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in higher amounts are alcohols and esters in coconut waters, among which 2-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl acetate monomer, and 2-methyl-1-propanol dimer were the characteristic volatile substances that distinguish MCW from the other three coconut waters. MCW has the best DPPH-scavenging and ferrous-ion-chelating ability (87.39% and 7.65%), while CW-8 had the highest hydroxyl and ABTS radicals scavenging rate (97.31% and 83.48%) and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory rate (81.36%). These results can provide support for the differential and high-value utilization of coconut water with different maturities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13060863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1710336191000},"page":"863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chemical Components, Nutritional Value, Volatile Organic Compounds and Biological Activities In Vitro of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Water with Different Maturities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9409-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"},{"name":"College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jintao","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kexue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Engineering Center of Coconut Further Processing, Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5881-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youlin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1039\/c2fo30066d","article-title":"Hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of coconut water in experimental diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Preetha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.04.046","article-title":"Protective effect of coconut water concentrates and its active component shikimic acid against hydroperoxide mediated oxidative stress through suppression of NF-\u03baB and activation of Nrf2 pathway","volume":"155","author":"Manna","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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