{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T14:17:02Z","timestamp":1794579422832,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan Projects of China","award":["2022KXJ-010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KXJ-010"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan Projects of China","award":["2022ZDLNY04-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZDLNY04-09"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan Projects of China","award":["22NYGG0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22NYGG0012"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Science and Technology Plan Projects of 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China","award":["GK202306005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK202306005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adding polyphenols to improve the absorption of functional proteins has become a hot topic. Chlorogenic acid is a natural plant polyphenol with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Bovine lactoferrin is known for its immunomodulatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and iron-chelating properties. Therefore, the non-covalent binding of chlorogenic acid (CA) and bovine lactoferrin (BLF) with different concentrations under neutral conditions was studied. CA was grafted onto lactoferrin molecules by laccase catalysis, free radical grafting, and alkali treatment. The formation mechanism of non-covalent and covalent complexes of CA-BLF was analyzed by experimental test and theoretical prediction. Compared with the control BLF, the secondary structure of BLF in the non-covalent complex was rearranged and unfolded to provide more active sites, the tertiary structure of the covalent conjugate was changed, and the amino group of the protein participated in the covalent reaction. After adding CA, the covalent conjugates have better functional activity. These lactoferrin\u2013polyphenol couplings can carry various bioactive compounds to create milk-based delivery systems for encapsulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13081245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:10:15Z","timestamp":1713499815000},"page":"1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparison of Non-Covalent and Covalent Interactions between Lactoferrin and Chlorogenic Acid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zekun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majida","family":"Al-Wraikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8900-4694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changchun","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.08.101","article-title":"Adding functionality to milk-based protein: Preparation, and physico-chemical characterization of \u03b2-lactoglobulin-phenolic conjugates","volume":"241","author":"Anankanbil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: High-performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers","volume":"1\u20132","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.04.020","article-title":"Deciphering the interaction of procaine with bovine serum albumin and elucidation of the binding site: A multi spectroscopic and molecular docking study","volume":"236","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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