{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:53:10Z","timestamp":1788717190985,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (IPET) through the High Value-Added Food Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["321049-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321049-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (IPET) through the High Value-Added Food Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0211001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0211001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["321049-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321049-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003712","name":"Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E0211001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E0211001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003712","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are economically valuable crops belonging to the Solanaceae family and are popular worldwide because of their unique spiciness and flavor. In this study, differences in the metabolomes of landrace (Subicho) and disease-resistant pepper cultivars (Bulkala and Kaltanbaksa) widely grown in Korea are investigated using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Specific metabolites were abundant in the pericarp (GABA, fructose, and glutamine) and placenta (glucose, asparagine, arginine, and capsaicin), highlighting the distinct physiological and functional roles of these components. Both the pericarp and placenta of disease-resistant pepper cultivars contained higher levels of sucrose and hexoses and lower levels of alanine, proline, and threonine than the traditional landrace cultivar. These metabolic differences are linked to enhanced stress tolerance and the activation of defense pathways, imbuing these cultivars with improved resistance characteristics. The present study provides fundamental insights into the metabolic basis of disease resistance in chili peppers, emphasizing the importance of multi-resistant varieties to ensure sustainable agriculture and food security. These resistant varieties ensure a stable supply of high-quality peppers, contributing to safer and more sustainable food production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13131966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T08:50:08Z","timestamp":1718959808000},"page":"1966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics of Traditional Landrace and Disease-Resistant Chili Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8812-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi-Un","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3629-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae-Yong","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8519-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Hyeok","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Seok","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyuseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1265-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Jai","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hyung","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4806-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Ho","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, S., Ro, N., Kim, J., Ko, H.-C., Lee, S., Oh, H., Kim, B., Lee, H.-S., and Lee, G.-A. 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