{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1785870009975,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CMU Presidential Scholarship","award":["2564-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2564-017"]}]},{"name":"CMU Presidential Scholarship","award":["N42A671052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A671052"]}]},{"name":"CMU Presidential Scholarship","award":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Team Promotion Grant, RTA, Senior Research Scholar","award":["2564-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2564-017"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Team Promotion Grant, RTA, Senior Research Scholar","award":["N42A671052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A671052"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Research Team Promotion Grant, RTA, Senior Research Scholar","award":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"]}]},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Agro-Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University","award":["2564-017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2564-017"]}]},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Agro-Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University","award":["N42A671052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A671052"]}]},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Agro-Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro-BCG), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University","award":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CoE\/RG66\/67-P001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Basella alba has been used in Thai remedies to treat skin disorders, but scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is currently limited. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of B. alba extracts on melanin production using melanoma cells, as well as their impact on oxidative stress and inflammation in keratinocytes. The results demonstrate that B. alba extracts inhibited melanin content and cellular tyrosinase activity in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanoma cells by downregulating MITF and the pigmentary genes TYR, TRP-1, and DCT. Interestingly, the MITF regulator gene was inhibited by both the 50% and 95% ethanolic extracts of B. alba with levels of 0.97 \u00b1 0.19 and 0.92 \u00b1 0.09 of the control, respectively, which are comparable to those observed in the arbutin treatment group at 0.84 \u00b1 0.05 of the control. Moreover, after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, pretreatment with B. alba reduced lipid peroxidation byproducts and increased the levels of antioxidant-related genes, including SOD-1, GPX-1, and NRF2. Notably, the suppression of the POMC promoter gene in keratinocytes was observed, which may disrupt melanogenesis in melanocytes involving the MC1R signaling pathway. MC1R mRNA expression decreased in the treatments with 50% and 95% ethanolic extracts of B. alba, with relative levels of 0.97 \u00b1 0.18 and 0.90 \u00b1 0.10 of the control, respectively, similar to the arbutin-treated group (0.88 \u00b1 0.25 of control). A significant reduction in nitric oxide was also observed in the B. alba-treated groups, along with a decrease in genes associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and COX-2. These findings suggest that B. alba has potential in the prevention of skin-related problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13182943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T09:43:13Z","timestamp":1726652593000},"page":"2943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anti-Melanogenic Potential of Malabar Spinach (Basella alba) in Human Melanoma Cells with Oxidative Stress Suppression and Anti-Inflammatory Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2321-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pichchapa","family":"Linsaenkart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warintorn","family":"Ruksiriwanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-8183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korawan","family":"Sringarm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaiwat","family":"Arjin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8157-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornchai","family":"Rachtanapun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuda","family":"Chittasupho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-3640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan M.","family":"Castagnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Vale\u0300ncia, Avenida Vicent Andr\u00e9s Estell\u00e9s s\/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2350-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romchat","family":"Chutoprapat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0568-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korawinwich","family":"Boonpisuttinant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12130, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Phargarden (2024, May 15). 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