{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:52:00Z","timestamp":1791528720874,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China","award":["ZR2023QC105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QC105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was to investigate the effects of the polysaccharides (PPM60\u2212III) and sulfated polysaccharides (SPPM60\u2212III) of pine pollen on the Th17\/Treg balance, inflammatory cytokines, intestinal microbiota, and metabolite distribution in 3% DSS drinking water-induced UC mice. First of all, the physiological results showed that PPM60\u2212III and SPPM60\u2212III could alleviate UC, which was shown by the reduction in liver Treg cells, the rebalance of Th17\/Treg, and the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the 16S rRNA results showed that PPM60\u2212III and SPPM60\u2212III could decrease Beijerinck and Bifidobacterium, and increase Akkermansia, Escherichia coli, and Fidobacteria. Finally, the metabonomics results showed that PPM60\u2212III and SPPM60\u2212III also restored purine and glycerolipid metabolism, up-regulated nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and caffeine metabolism to inhibit inflammation. In conclusion, PPM60\u2212III and SPPM60\u2212III could inhibit UC by regulating gut bacteria composition and metabolite distribution; SPPM60\u2212III showed better anti-colitis activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13193183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T07:08:18Z","timestamp":1728284898000},"page":"3183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of Pine Pollen Polysaccharides and Sulfated Polysaccharides on Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating Th17\/Treg"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhanjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2693-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0950-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32126-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"389","author":"Ungaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.016","article-title":"Natural History of Adult Ulcerative Colitis in Population-based Cohorts: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Fumery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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