{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:14:26Z","timestamp":1771064066441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Turkish Ministry of National Education with the awarded scholarship of Selection and Placement of Students to be sent abroad for postgraduate education (YLSY)","award":["no grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no grant number"]}]},{"name":"Research foundation - Flanders","award":["1222020N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1222020N"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas postdoctoral scholarship supported by the Spanish Ministry of Universities with the funds &quot;Next Generation&quot; of the European Union","award":["no grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no grant number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transition towards more sustainable packaging calls for improving our ability to predict, control, and inhibit microbial growth. Despite the importance of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in food preservation, the exact relations between MAP gases (CO2, O2, N2) and microbial behavior are still poorly understood. Addressing this major knowledge gap requires a specific infrastructure to gain precise control over the gas composition during storage time. Thus, this study aimed at developing and validating an innovative gas-washing bottle incubation system (GBIS) with an adapted pH methodology for monitoring microbial growth in liquid media under different well-controlled conditions. Listeria monocytogenes\u2014a psychrotrophic pathogen raising severe safety concerns under refrigerated conditions\u2014was used as a representative microorganism. The results showed that daily gas flushing effectively dominated overnight headspace variations, allowing incubating L. monocytogenes and daily sampling for 13 days under static conditions. Subsequently, storage experiments were performed at 4 \u00b0C under stable pH and anaerobic conditions with different CO2 levels (20\u201340\u201360%). Significant growth reduction was observed from 6.0 to 4.8 log CFU\/mL as CO2 increased from 20% (pH = 6.7) to 60% (pH = 6.2) (p \u2264 0.05). Overall, GBIS shows great potential in data collection for predictive modeling and, consecutively, for boosting decision-making in the food packaging sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T12:25:42Z","timestamp":1732191942000},"page":"3723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and Validation of a Novel Gas-Washing Bottle Incubation System (GBIS) for Monitoring Microbial Growth in Liquid Media Under Well-Controlled Modified Atmosphere Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seren","family":"Oguz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4570-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0926-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotta","family":"Kuuliala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Research Unit Knowledge-based Systems (KERMIT), Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariem","family":"Somrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda Vegetal, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3754-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Devlieghere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Investigating Sustainable Packaging Practices: A Framework Approach","volume":"16","year":"2022","journal-title":"Present Environ. 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