{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:14:08Z","timestamp":1789510448133,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bionap Srl"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strategies for controlling cholesterol and lipid metabolism, including the use of food supplements, are part of the non-pharmacological intervention to ameliorate cardiovascular health. To demonstrate the efficacy of a standardized flavonoids (150 mg\/day) extract from Citrus bergamia on cholesterol and lipid management, a placebo-controlled clinical trial on 64 subjects with high cholesterol was carried out. The total study duration was 4 months, with intermediate checkpoints at 1-month intervals. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC) levels, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and paraoxonase activity (PON1) were measured as primary endpoints (efficacy evaluation), while weight, blood pressure, hepatic and renal function blood markers were measured as secondary endpoints (safety evaluation). After 4 months, both TC and LDL-C significantly decreased by 8.8% and 11.5%, respectively, along with a 5.5% increase in HDL-C which was trending towards significance. In addition, ox-LDL was significantly reduced by 2.0%, while PON1 was significantly increased by 6.5%. The secondary endpoints were not changed during the study, demonstrating a good tolerability of the test product. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of the extract as a natural approach for cholesterol and lipid metabolism management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T04:01:29Z","timestamp":1733198489000},"page":"3883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Citrus bergamia Extract, a Natural Approach for Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism Management: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amelia","family":"Spina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Amone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutratech S.r.l., Spin-Off of University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Zaccaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Bionap S.r.l., 95032 Belpasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violetta","family":"Insolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alma Mater Europea, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Grecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2081-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Lofaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5963-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Puoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9147-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Nobile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Complife Italia S.r.l., 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, May 03). 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