{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:06:24Z","timestamp":1788275184345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province","award":["2020ZDLNY05-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLNY05-10"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province","award":["2024NC-YBXM-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NC-YBXM-038"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province","award":["SLGKYQD2-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLGKYQD2-16"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province","award":["SXC-2303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXC-2303"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University of Technology","award":["2020ZDLNY05-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLNY05-10"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University of Technology","award":["2024NC-YBXM-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NC-YBXM-038"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University of Technology","award":["SLGKYQD2-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLGKYQD2-16"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi University of Technology","award":["SXC-2303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXC-2303"]}]},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment","award":["2020ZDLNY05-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020ZDLNY05-10"]}]},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment","award":["2024NC-YBXM-038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NC-YBXM-038"]}]},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment","award":["SLGKYQD2-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLGKYQD2-16"]}]},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment","award":["SXC-2303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXC-2303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Southern Shaanxi is one of China\u2019s high-quality congou black tea production areas. However, the differences in geography, cultivation, and management techniques and production processes lead to uneven qualities of southern Shaanxi congou black tea in different production areas. This study used sensory analysis combined with gas chromatography\u2013ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to determine southern Shaanxi congou black teas\u2019 geographical origin and volatile fingerprints to prevent economic losses caused by fraudulent labeling. A total of 61 volatile compounds were identified and quantified by GC-IMS. Three main aroma types were found by sensory analysis coupled with significant difference analysis, and a clear correlation between volatile compounds, aroma type, and geographical origin was found by sensory and gallery plot analysis. The black tea with a green\/grassy-roast aroma type was mainly distributed in production areas with an altitude of 400\u2013800 m and 1-pentanol, cyclohexanone, 1-penten-3-one, 2-heptanone, dihydroactinidiolide and butyrolactone were the key aroma markers. The black teas produced in production areas with an altitude of 800\u20131000 m mainly presented strong honey and caramel-like aromas, and sotolone, furaneol, and phenylacetaldehyde played an important role. These results will be helpful for discriminating black tea from different tea production areas in southern Shaanxi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T10:51:21Z","timestamp":1733223081000},"page":"3904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Determination of Geographical Origin of Southern Shaanxi Congou Black Teas Using Sensory Analysis Combined with Gas Chromatography\u2013Ion Mobility Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6741-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Bioresources Key Laboratory, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China"},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C. College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong 723001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Bioresources Key Laboratory, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China"},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C. College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong 723001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8361-3069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Bioresources Key Laboratory, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China"},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C. College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong 723001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanzhong Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Hanzhong 723000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanzhong Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Hanzhong 723000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Bioresources Key Laboratory, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China"},{"name":"Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C. College of Biological Science and Engineering, Hanzhong 723001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankang R&D Center for Se-Enriched Products, Ankang 725000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankang R&D Center for Se-Enriched Products, Ankang 725000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching Yuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Bioresources Key Laboratory, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, AgSci. 415J, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aaqil, M., Peng, C., Kamal, A., Nawaz, T., Zhang, F., and Gong, J. 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