{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:12:40Z","timestamp":1793646760054,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Major Project of China","award":["2019ZX09201001-001-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZX09201001-001-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alpinia officinarum Hance has a medicinal history of thousands of years in treating cough, diabetes, and gastrointestinal system diseases, and it is also a medicine food homology (MFH) plant in China. To evaluate the pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of A. officinarum, polysaccharides were initially obtained by hot-water extraction and the ethanol precipitation method. A homogenous polysaccharide designated as AOP-w was isolated by a DE-52 column. The proposed structure was elucidated and the immunoregulatory effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated. The results showed that AOP-w had a molecular weight of 5.26 kDa, and mainly consisted of galactose and glucose (molar ratio of 0.12:0.88). Its backbone comprised \u03b1-(1\u21924)-Glcp, \u03b1-(1\u21924,6)-Glcp and \u03b2-(1\u21923,4)-Galp residues, terminated by \u03b1-(1\u21926)-Glcp and T-Glcp residues. AOP-w was nontoxic to RAW 264.7 cells, but demonstrated promotion in cell proliferation within a 100 \u03bcg\/mL concentration. The immunostimulatory effects of AOP-w were confirmed by the elevated NO production of AOP-w-treated cells. Moreover, the RNAseq was conducted and the results showed that AOP-w may activate the TNF and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways by binding to Toll-like receptors, thereby affecting the immune modulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest a high potential of AOP-w from A. officinarum for immunotherapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13244019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1733992592000},"page":"4019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from Alpinia officinarum Hance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2319-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9209-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenggang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1561-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.05.027","article-title":"A review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Alpinia officinarum Hance","volume":"224","author":"Abubakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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