{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T06:55:14Z","timestamp":1794639314897,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Science and Technology Innovation Base Plan Project\u2014The Introduction of Joint Research and Development Institutions","award":["20222CCH45004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20222CCH45004"]}]},{"name":"Jiangxi Science and Technology Innovation Base Plan Project\u2014The Introduction of Joint Research and Development Institutions","award":["2060302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302"]}]},{"name":"CARS\u2014Chinese Medicinal Material Industry, the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-21)","award":["20222CCH45004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20222CCH45004"]}]},{"name":"CARS\u2014Chinese Medicinal Material Industry, the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-21)","award":["2060302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at the Central Government Level\u2014The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["20222CCH45004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20222CCH45004"]}]},{"name":"Key Project at the Central Government Level\u2014The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources","award":["2060302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2060302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lily, valued for its edibility and medicinal properties, is rich in essential nutrients. However, storage conditions and sulfur fumigation during processing can degrade key nutrients like polysaccharides, phenols, and sulfur dioxide. To address this, we applied a deep learning model combined with hyperspectral imaging for the rapid prediction of nutrient quality. The CLSTM (convolutional neural network\u2013long short-term memory) model, utilizing variable combination population analysis (VCPA) for wavelength selection, effectively differentiated sulfur fumigation patterns in lilies. In terms of nutrient content prediction, the CLSTM model combined with full-wavelength data demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R2 value of 0.769 for polysaccharides and 0.699 for total phenols. Additionally, the CLSTM model combined with IRF-selected characteristic wavelengths exhibited remarkable performance in predicting sulfur dioxide content, with an R2 value of 0.755. These findings highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging and the CLSTM model in enhancing the quality assessment and ensuring the nutritional integrity of lily products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14050825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T08:05:54Z","timestamp":1740729954000},"page":"825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Integration of Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning for Discrimination of Fumigated Lilies and Prediction of Quality Indicator Contents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8155-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binbin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiufu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexing Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development Service Center, Dexing 334220, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dexing Research and Training Center of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dexing 334220, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2273-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330115, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tamura, L.S.-J.M.N. 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