{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:54:03Z","timestamp":1788324843504,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003722","name":"World Institute of Kimchi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KE2502-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KE2502-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003722","name":"World Institute of Kimchi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["321050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321050-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea","award":["KE2502-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KE2502-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea","award":["321050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321050-5"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through the high-value-added food technology development program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KE2502-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KE2502-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003668","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through the high-value-added food technology development program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["321050-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["321050-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study optimized Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) storage design by integrating K-means clustering, heat transfer analysis, and respiratory heat effects. A morphological assessment identified three clusters: class 1 (73.32 \u00b1 3.34 cm length, 46.73 \u00b1 2.24 cm width, 1503.20 \u00b1 118.39 g weight), class 2 (82.67 \u00b1 1.17 cm, 51.89 \u00b1 2.37 cm, 2132.48 \u00b1 127.16 g), and class 3 (89.17 \u00b1 2.45 cm, 58.67 \u00b1 2.77 cm, 2826.37 \u00b1 121.25 g), with a silhouette coefficient of 0.87 confirming robust clustering. The CO2, relative humidity, and airflow analysis revealed hotspots and imbalances. Heat transfer modeling, incorporating respiratory heat, closely matched experimental data (RMSE &lt; 0.54 \u00b0C), while excluding it caused deviations in storage. The validated model informed a modified geometry for scale-up CFD modeling, reducing the convergence time by 38% and the RAM usage by 30%. Three commercial storage designs were evaluated: fully filled, batch filled (50:50), and repositioned air conditioning with batch filling. The latter achieved a faster equilibrium (4.1 \u00b0C in 17 h 15 min vs. 21 h 30 min for fully packed) and improved airflow, reducing the hot zones. This study highlights the importance of integrating cabbage morphology, environmental factors, and respiratory heat into storage design to enhance cooling efficiency and product quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14050879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T13:31:31Z","timestamp":1741095091000},"page":"879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimizing Commercial-Scale Storage for Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis): Integrating Morphological Classification, Respiratory Heat Effects, and Computational Fluid Dynamics for Enhanced Cooling Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sung Gi","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Practical Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3809-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timilehin Martins","family":"Oyinloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Elder-Friendly Food Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Bae","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Practical Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Byong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Elder-Friendly Food Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.34198\/ejcs.11424.539552","article-title":"Nutritional status and risk characterization of red pepper, cabbage, lettuce and spinach grown at Ajiwa, Batagarawa, Lambun Sarki and Kofar Marusa vegetable farms, Katsina State, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Dahiru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earthline J. 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