{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:03:01Z","timestamp":1793642581148,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province","award":["231100310200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231100310200"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province","award":["241111314200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241111314200"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province","award":["221111111400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221111111400"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects in Henan Province","award":["231100310200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231100310200"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects in Henan Province","award":["241111314200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241111314200"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D Projects in Henan Province","award":["221111111400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221111111400"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Weizmannia coagulans BC99, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, lactic acid-producing bacterium is renowned for its resilience and health-promoting properties, W. coagulans BC99 survives harsh environments, including high temperatures and gastric acidity, enabling effective delivery to the intestines. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation (SD) include memory deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction. In this study, a chronic sleep deprivation cognitive impairment model was established by using a sleep deprivation instrument and W. coagulans BC99 was given by gavage for 4 weeks to explore the mechanism by which BC99 improves cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived mice. BC99 improved cognitive abnormalities in novel object recognition tests induced by chronic sleep deprivation and showed behavior related to spatial memory in the Morris water maze test. W. coagulans BC99 reduced the heart mass index of sleep-deprived mice, increased the sleep-related neurotransmitters 5-HT and DA, decreased corticosterone and norepinephrine, and increased alpha diversity and community similarity. It reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Olsenella, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). W. coagulans BC99 also inhibits LPS translocation and the elevation of peripheral inflammatory factors by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier and inhibiting the expression of the NLRP3 signaling pathway in the jejunum, thereby inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain of mice and reducing inflammatory factors in the brain, providing a favorable environment for the recovery of cognitive function. The present study confirmed that W. coagulans BC99 ameliorated cognitive impairment in chronic sleep-deprived mice by improving gut microbiota, especially by promoting SCFAs production and inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling pathway in the jejunum and brain. These findings may help guide the treatment of insomnia or other sleep disorders through dietary strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14060989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:46:46Z","timestamp":1741942006000},"page":"989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Weizmannia coagulans BC99 Improve Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Sleep Deprivation via Inhibiting the Brain and Intestine\u2019s NLRP3 Inflammasome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qiaoqiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2283-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaobin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"},{"name":"Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"},{"name":"Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006","article-title":"Insomnia as a predictor of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Hertenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med. 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