{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:51:50Z","timestamp":1793811110109,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32330081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32330081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32330081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32330081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wheat bran dietary fiber (WBDF) is a potential functional additive to enrich products used for relieving constipation. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of different particle size ranges (mean sizes of 84.14, 61.74, 37.39, and 22.33 \u03bcm) of WBDF on constipation. With the decrease in particle size, its morphology exhibited an increase in fiber fragmentation, larger pore sizes, and the formation of structural faults. The oil-holding capacity (OHC) and swelling capacity (SC) of WBDF were found to change with particle size, with the highest OHC observed at 37.39 \u03bcm and the greatest SC at 84.14 \u03bcm. Animal experiments demonstrated that the WBDF of smaller particle sizes significantly alleviated loperamide-induced constipation with an increased intestinal propulsion rate, decreased first melanin excretion time, and reduced gastric residual rate. Meanwhile, WBDF samples markedly increased serum MTL and serum AChE levels. Notably, compared with the constipation model (CMNC) group, the small intestinal propulsion rate in the MPS40 group increased by 41.21%, and the gastric residue rate significantly decreased by 19.69%. The improvement in constipation symptoms was most pronounced. Additionally, the abundance of Lactobacillus in the MPS40 group increased by 52.52%, while the relative abundance of Prevotella decreased by 83.55%, and the diversity of the gut microbiota was altered. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential commercial applications of WBDF in fiber-enriched functional foods to support intestinal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14061001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:29:28Z","timestamp":1742185768000},"page":"1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Particle Size of Wheat Bran Dietary Fiber Influences Its Improvement Effects on Constipation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Luyao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry, Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-Products, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4896-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Grain Industry, Comprehensive Utilization of Edible by-Products, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134210","article-title":"Effect and mechanism of functional compound fruit drink on gut microbiota in constipation mice","volume":"401","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7709","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01237A","article-title":"Comparative study of the laxative effects of konjac oligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan on loperamide-induced constipation in rats","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.02.029","article-title":"Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"198","author":"Koppen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Lin, Y., Jiang, Y., Wu, B., and Yu, Y. (2022). Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates functional dyspepsia through regulating gastrointestinal hormones and gut microbiome in vivo. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11101491"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J., Zou, H., Qiao, X., Wang, Y., Lv, M., Zhang, K., and Wang, F. (2024). The relationship between oxidative balance scores and chronic diarrhea and constipation: A population-based study. BMC Public Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18683-8"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber, T.M., Kabisch, S., Pfeiffer, A.F.H., and Weickert, M.O. (2020). The health benefits of dietary fibre. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103209"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Li, L., Sun, B., and Ma, S. (2024). Interaction of wheat bran dietary fiber-gluten protein affects dough product: A critical review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 255.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128199"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913399","article-title":"Wheat bran, as the resource of dietary fiber: A review","volume":"62","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8752","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2061909","article-title":"Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms","volume":"63","author":"Waddell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00375-4","article-title":"Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Gill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effects of insoluble dietary fiber from wild apricot flesh on intestinal function and intestinal flora of mice","volume":"41","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.044","article-title":"Composition, properties and health benefits of indigestible carbohydrate polymers as dietary fiber: A review","volume":"61","author":"Mudgil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1999.10718873","article-title":"The effect of wheat bran particle size on laxation and colonic fermentation","volume":"18","author":"Jenkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110799","article-title":"Effects of superfine grinding on asparagus pomace. Part II: Changes on intestinal function and health","volume":"140","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, B., Li, K., Niu, M., Wei, J., Zhao, S., Jia, C., and Xu, Y. (2024). Structural characteristics of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with various particle size distributions and their influences on the kinetics of gastrointestinal emptying in mice. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132905"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac184","article-title":"The effect of fiber supplementation on chronic constipation in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"116","author":"Drysdale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197837","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2197837","article-title":"Effects of dietary fibers or probiotics on functional constipation symptoms and roles of gut microbiota: A double-blinded randomized placebo trial","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15337","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.15337","article-title":"Fermentation of dietary fibers modified by an enzymatic-ultrasonic treatment and evaluation of their impact on gut microbiota in mice","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369337","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2369337","article-title":"Effect of diet on the evolution of gut commensal bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Dapa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00667-9","article-title":"Microbiome-based therapeutics","volume":"20","author":"Sorbara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, Q., Yan, J., and Ma, S. (2023). Effect of heat treatment on conformation and aggregation properties of wheat bran dietary fiber-gluten protein. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127164"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127522","article-title":"Modification of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) residues soluble dietary fiber following twin-screw extrusion","volume":"335","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.06.149","article-title":"In vitro investigation of anticancer and ACE-inhibiting activity, \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition, and antioxidant activity of camel milk fermented with camel milk probiotic: A comparative study with fermented bovine milk","volume":"239","author":"Ayyash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127325","article-title":"Micronized apple pomace as a novel emulsifier for food O\/W Pickering emulsion","volume":"330","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2011.04.001","article-title":"Extrusion process improves the functionality of soluble dietary fiber in oat bran","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cereal Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117218","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate loperamide-induced constipation Through regulation of gut microbiota in mice","volume":"253","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118761","article-title":"Bamboo shavings derived O-acetylated xylan alleviates loperamide-induced constipation in mice","volume":"276","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00132H","article-title":"Protective effect of mulberry (Morus atropurpurea) fruit against diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice through the modulation of gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5264","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO00222E","article-title":"Milk fermented by combined starter cultures comprising three Lactobacillus strains exerts an alleviating effect on loperamide-induced constipation in BALB\/c mice","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.243","article-title":"Soluble dietary fiber and cellulose from Saccharina japonica by-product ameliorate Loperamide-induced constipation via modulating enteric neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota","volume":"226","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2011.010167","article-title":"Maternal separation and gastrointestinal transit time in neonate rats","volume":"45","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, F., Yang, S., Ma, Y., Gong, Z., Cui, W., Wang, Y., and Wang, W. (2020). Extraction optimization and constipation-relieving activity of dietary fiber from Auricularia polytricha. Food Biosci., 33.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2019.100506"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110569","article-title":"Dietary synbiotic ameliorates constipation Through the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic function","volume":"147","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139969","article-title":"Effects of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate exposure on gut microbiome using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME)","volume":"340","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125064","article-title":"Diethyl ethylphosphonate retardants disturbed the gut microbiome and metabolite SCFAs in vitro based on simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem","volume":"363","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.13187","article-title":"Gut microbiota and metabolite profiles associated with functional constipation severity","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.08.023","article-title":"Association between healthy eating index-2020 and oral microbiome among postmenopausal women","volume":"155","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2628","article-title":"Effects of micronisation on the characteristics and physicochemical properties of insoluble fibres","volume":"86","author":"Chau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116651","article-title":"Superfine grinding combined with enzymatic modification of pea dietary fibre: Structures, physicochemical properties, hypoglycaemic functional properties, and antioxidant activities","volume":"207","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100298","article-title":"Influence of modification methods on physicochemical and structural properties of soluble dietary fiber from corn bran","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.07.052","article-title":"The structural characteristics of dietary fibers from Tremella fuciformis and their hypolipidemic effects in mice","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.02.021","article-title":"Physicochemical, functional and biological properties of soluble dietary fibers obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace using different extraction methods","volume":"128","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.15934","article-title":"Superfine grinding improves the physicochemical, sensory and functional characteristics of Hanfu apple pomace","volume":"58","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.140154","article-title":"Advancements in modifying insoluble dietary fiber: Exploring the microstructure, physicochemical properties, biological activity, and applications in food industry\u2014A review","volume":"458","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"212","article-title":"Research progress on preparation technology and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber","volume":"40","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116076","article-title":"Effect of three modification methods on physical and functional properties of flaxseed cake dietary fiber","volume":"198","author":"Huo","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.124983","article-title":"Modification of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with carboxymethylation, complex enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrafine comminution","volume":"297","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5621","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02969F","article-title":"The protective effects of yellow tea extract against loperamide-induced constipation in mice","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117418","article-title":"Prevention of loperamide induced constipation in mice by KGM and the mechanisms of different gastrointestinal tract microbiota regulation","volume":"256","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2019.113294","article-title":"Identification of pheasant ghrelin and motilin and their actions on contractility of the isolated gastrointestinal tract","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm16173","article-title":"Prevalence of gastric motility disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia","volume":"23","author":"Asano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.04.036","article-title":"Effect of Konjac mannan oligosaccharides on diphenoxylate-induced constipation in mice","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zu, Q., Zhang, J., Liu, S., Zhang, G., Chang, X., and Li, X. (2024). Soluble dietary fiber of hawthorn relieves constipation induced by loperamide hydrochloride by improving intestinal flora and inflammation, thereby regulating the aquaporin ion pathway in mice. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13142220"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.115747","article-title":"Size-dependent physicochemical property and functionality of insoluble dietary fiber derived from wheat bran","volume":"193","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Huang, Y., Lu, L., Yang, W., Huang, T., Lin, Z., Lin, C., Kwan, H., Wong, H.L.X., and Chen, Y. (2018). Saturated long-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria contribute to enhanced colonic motility in rats. Microbiome, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0492-6"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, S., Dong, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, H., He, Y., Ren, D., Li, X., Cai, Y., Wang, Q., and Wu, L. (2024). Highly crystalline cellulose microparticles from dealginated seaweed waste ameliorate high fat-sugar diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 263.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.130485"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.87","article-title":"Research progress on the next-generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in the intestine","volume":"2","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.06.004","article-title":"Regulation of dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms and its effects on animal health","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.11.013","article-title":"Zengye decoction induces alterations to metabolically active gut microbiota in aged constipated rats","volume":"109","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/6\/1001\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:18Z","timestamp":1760028858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/6\/1001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14061001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14061001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]}}}