{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:41:18Z","timestamp":1786747278862,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice innovation Program of jiangsu Province","award":["KYCX22 3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX22 3500"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice innovation Program of jiangsu Province","award":["KSUZDSYS202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSUZDSYS202305"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry in Kashi University","award":["KYCX22 3500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYCX22 3500"]}]},{"name":"Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry in Kashi University","award":["KSUZDSYS202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSUZDSYS202305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patrinia scabiosaefolia L. (P. scabiosaefolia), a traditional food and medicinal plant, is used to treat internal inflammation. This study investigated the mechanisms by which P. scabiosaefolia improves ulcerative colitis (UC) via combined UHPLC-OE-MS\/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments. A total of 72 compounds were detected in the P. scabiosaefolia extraction, with 15 key components (ranking by degree value) selected for further analysis. GO enrichment analysis suggested that PS may alleviate UC-related renal dysfunction by modulating immune responses, inflammation, and cell signaling pathways. Based on protein\u2013protein interaction results, five core targets of P. scabiosaefolia in UC (ranking by degree value) were identified, and molecular docking revealed strong binding free affinity (&lt;\u22127 kcal\/mol) of active components (Vulgarin and 4-(Diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) with TNF, AKT1, CASP3, BCL2, and MMP9. In animal experiments, P. scabiosaefolia-treated mice showed significant reductions in IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, LPS, and D-Lactate levels (p &lt; 0.05); improved colon histopathological damage; and significantly increased the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin, OCC) in colon tissue (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, P. scabiosaefolia-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria (Enterococcus and Lactobacillus) (p &lt; 0.05), effectively restoring the gut imbalance caused by DSS. In conclusion, P. scabiosaefolia can treat UC through the modulation of the intestinal microecology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14071145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T04:17:14Z","timestamp":1742962634000},"page":"1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Patrinia scabiosaefolia L. Modulates the Intestinal Microecology to Treat DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: UHPLC-OE-MS\/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-9543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Probotics and Dairy Deep Processing, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingze","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Probotics and Dairy Deep Processing, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Probotics and Dairy Deep Processing, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4482-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yining","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6395-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianzhu","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, Y.F., Li, X.Y., Xu, F.Y., Zhao, S.M., Wu, X.M., Wang, Y.Z., and Xie, J.M. (2021). Kaempferol Alleviates Murine Experimental Colitis by Restoring Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-\u03baB Axis. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.679897"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"Honap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, H., Zheng, Y., Wang, Q., Peng, J., Bai, W., Tian, L., He, Z., and Jiao, R. (2025). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of Mangiferin: Impacts on gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. J. Funct. Foods, 124.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.106667"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500203","article-title":"Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Metabolites","volume":"50","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliyaei, N., Zekri, S., Iraji, A., Oliyaei, A., Tanideh, R., Mussin, N.M., Tamadon, A., and Tanideh, N. (2025). Health benefits of algae and marine-derived bioactive metabolites for modulating ulcerative colitis symptoms. J. Funct. Foods, 125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.106690"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002485","article-title":"A Review of Available Medical Therapies to Treat Moderate-to-Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"119","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Meng, L., Wang, M., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Hou, G., Li, S., and Kang, W. (2023). New iridoids from Patrinia scabiosaefolia and their hypoglycemic effects by activating PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Fitoterapia, 165.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2022.105423"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X17500379","article-title":"The Genus Patrinia: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies","volume":"45","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S398227","article-title":"Antibacterial Mechanism of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9069645","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9069645","article-title":"Patrinoside and Patrinoside A from Patrinia scabiosaefoli a Improve Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting NF-\u03baB, MAPK Pathways and Oxidative Stress in RAW264.7 and 3T3-L1 Cells","volume":"2023","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113264","article-title":"The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control","volume":"265","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106414","article-title":"Chlorella pyrenoidosa ameliorates ulcerative colitis by tuning intestinal microecology: Butyric acid is a crucial player","volume":"121","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12567","article-title":"Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease","volume":"279","author":"Pickard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.06.022","article-title":"The tight junction in inflammatory disease: Communication breakdown","volume":"9","author":"Edelblum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518241","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3518241","article-title":"Simultaneous Determination of Ten Bioactive Components from Shenling Baizhu San in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-MS\/MS: Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Normal and Two Models of Ulcerative Colitis Rats","volume":"2021","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. eCAM"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-023-00305-1","article-title":"Gluconic acid improves performance of newly weaned piglets associated with alterations in gut microbiome and fermentation","volume":"9","author":"Michiels","year":"2023","journal-title":"Porc. Health Manag."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113195","article-title":"Potential associations between organic dairy products, gut microbiome, and gut health: A review","volume":"172","author":"Wittwer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117761","article-title":"The traditional herb Sargentodoxa cuneata alleviates DSS-induced colitis by attenuating epithelial barrier damage via blocking necroptotic signaling","volume":"319","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117503","article-title":"Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction ameliorates intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction in ulcerative colitis via the GC-C signaling pathway","volume":"322","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, X., Hu, Q., Jiang, T., Chen, Y., Zhang, W., Gao, P., Zeng, J., and Efferth, T. (2024). Dehydroevodiamine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway via Targeting AKT1 and Regulating Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolism. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174031"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althurwi, H.N., Soliman, G.A., Abdel-Rahman, R.F., Abd-Elsalam, R.M., Ogaly, H.A., Alqarni, M.H., Albaqami, F.F., and Abdel-Kader, M.S. (2022). Vulgarin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Artemisia judaica, Improves the Antidiabetic Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats via Modulation of PEPCK and G6Pase Genes Expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415856"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.02.034","article-title":"Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents from Kalimeris indica with UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS\/MS and GC-MS","volume":"165","author":"Zhong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Li, W.B., Wang, H.Y., Ma, Y.M., Zhao, X.H., Zhang, X.D., Yang, H., Qian, J.M., and Li, J.N. (2019). Saccharomyces boulardii alleviates ulcerative colitis carcinogenesis in mice by reducing TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 levels and functions and by rebalancing intestinal microbiota. Bmc Microbiol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1610-8"}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/7\/1145\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:00:12Z","timestamp":1760029212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/7\/1145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14071145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14071145","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]}}}