{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:14:04Z","timestamp":1790687644908,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO)","award":["NE014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The color of maize grain, ranging from pink to purple, is related to the presence of phenolic compounds whose efficient extraction is affected by the solvent used. This study aimed to determine the effect of solvents and maize grain color on the phenolic composition and biological activities of maize extracts. Six samples (two with brick red, BR, two with cherry red CR, and two with blue\u2013purple BP) of maize grain were used. The solvents were acidic methanol (MTFA) and aqueous acetone (AWAC). The phenolic composition was evaluated by total soluble phenolics (TSPs), anthocyanins (TACs), flavonoids (FLAVs), and proanthocyanidins (PAs). Biological activities evaluated were antioxidant capacity (AC), antifungal activity (AFA) and antimutagenic (AM) activity. The type of solvent used exerted a higher effect than the maize grain color on the phenolic composition of biological activities. The TAC and FLAV variables were more influenced by solvent than TSPs and PAs, while AC was affected only when evaluated by the DPPH method. AWAC extracts showed AFA and had the highest AM, unlike MTFA extracts. These results highlight the importance of selecting an appropriate solvent to maximize the functional properties of maize grain extracts and reach a more objective evaluation of the potential of food on its biological activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14071163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T12:41:02Z","timestamp":1743079262000},"page":"1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Solvent and Grain Color on the Biological Activities of Maize Grain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Salinas-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Ma\u00edz, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Ma\u00edz, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4783-841X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Padilla-Camberos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Ram\u00edrez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Ma\u00edz, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2670-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Ledesma-Miramontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Ma\u00edz, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Alem\u00e1n de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Ma\u00edz, Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Santill\u00e1n-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Campeche, Sihochac, Champot\u00f3n 24450, Campeche, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Phenolic compounds in maize grains and its nixtamalized products","volume":"Volume 8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phenolic Compounds-Natural Sources, Importance and Applications"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.708909","article-title":"Phenolic compounds of cereals and their antioxidant capacity","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. 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