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This study aimed to bridge this gap by evaluating steaming effects on Takifugu flavidus quality. This study systematically evaluated its physicochemical properties and flavor profiles under different steaming durations by determining the water loss rate, mass loss rate, water distribution status, textural properties, color, and free amino acid content using an electronic nose, electronic tongue, and headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The results indicated that the core temperature of the fish meat reached 70 \u00b0C after 9 min of steaming. With higher steaming time, its mass loss rate and water loss rate generally increased, though the water loss rate temporarily decreased at 10 min. The mass loss rate stabilized after 12.5 min. The hardness and chewiness of the fish meat increased significantly when steamed for 12.5 min or longer. After 5 min of steaming, the brightness value and yellow-blue value of the fish meat significantly increased, whereas the red-green value significantly decreased. The total free amino acid content showed a fluctuating upward trend and electronic tongue analysis revealed an increase in umami and richness after steaming. Electronic nose and HS-GC-IMS analyses demonstrated that the variety and content of volatile flavor compounds significantly increased with prolonged steaming. Sensory evaluation showed that the 10 min steaming group exhibited better texture and color, while the 15 min steaming group had the best odor. Therefore, the optimal steaming time for T. flavidus was determined to be 10\u201315 min. For home cooking, a 15 min steaming process achieves the peak abundance of flavor compounds and the highest sensory evaluation score. For the industrial production of pre-cooked meals, a 10 min steaming process can meet the doneness requirements while maintaining suitable textural properties and color stability. The findings of this study not only advance the scientific understanding of thermal processing effects on pufferfish quality attributes, but also establish a critical technological foundation for developing standardized industrial processing protocols and high-quality pre-prepared pufferfish products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14091537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:21:31Z","timestamp":1745817691000},"page":"1537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of Steam Processing on the Physicochemical Properties and Flavor Profile of Takifugu flavidus: A Comprehensive Quality Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7581-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-7568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghong","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruowen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"},{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering, HUA QIAO University, Xiamen 361021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongchang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6182-6058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing (Xiamen), Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen 361013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2010.02707.x","article-title":"Toxicity of cultured puffer fish and seasonal variations in 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