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The objective was to enhance textural properties and bioactive retention in food matrices tailored for individuals with swallowing difficulties. NADES extraction was compared to ethanol, with the extracts incorporated into gelatin and starch hydrogels. Gelatin, a widely used biopolymer, improved mechanical properties and printability, ensuring a cohesive and structured matrix for 3D printing. Textural analysis showed that starch-based 3D printed hydrogels exhibited lower hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess compared to molded samples, making them more suitable for dysphagia-friendly diets than gelatin-based formulations. The IDDSI fork test confirmed that selected 3D printed samples met essential texture requirements for safe consumption by dysphagia patients. The combination of NADES-extracted bioactive compounds and 3D printing enabled the development of functional foods with optimized texture and nutritional properties. Additionally, gelatin played a key role in enhancing elasticity and structural integrity in printed samples, reinforcing its potential for food texture modification. This study presents an innovative approach to dysphagia-friendly food formulation, integrating green extraction methods with advanced food processing technologies, paving the way for safer, nutritionally enhanced, and customizable functional foods for individuals with swallowing disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14091604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1746082142000},"page":"1604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Development of NADES\u2013Annatto Seed Extract for Enhancing 3D Printed Food Designed for Dysphagia Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1210-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Kierulff","family":"Balabram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Tessaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3806-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eduarda de Almeida","family":"Astolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Augusto Invernizzi","family":"Sponchiado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4382-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislau","family":"Bogusz Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca C.","family":"Maniglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113010","article-title":"Mineral Bioaccessibility in 3D Printed Gels Based on Milk\/Starch\/\u0138-Carrageenan for Dysphagic People","volume":"170","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. 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