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Objectives: This study aimed to (a) quantify the textural properties of six fork-Mashable dishes (British Dietetic Association (BDA) texture E; International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) level 6), (b) assess the impact of oral processing on texture, and (c) evaluate their safety and efficacy in older patients with OD. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (85 \u00b1 4.51 years) consumed six 30 g dishes. Oral processing was analyzed using surface electromyography (EMG), texture was measured pre- and post-oral processing, and swallowing safety was assessed using the volume\u2013viscosity swallowing test (V-VST). Results: Although all the dishes met the BDA E\/IDDSI 6 descriptors, significant differences were found in both safety (ranging from 50\u2013100%, p &lt; 0.05, for four dishes vs. thin liquids) and efficacy outcomes (oral residues 60\u2013100%; pharyngeal residues 20\u201370%; p &lt; 0.05 for all dishes vs. liquids and French and zucchini omelets vs. 250 mPa\u00b7s). Textural characteristics showed wide variability. Oral processing reduced MF but increased adhesiveness, except for in French omelet and pollock fish. The patients required 29\u201331 mastication cycles over 21\u201328 s. The post-oral texture also varied significantly across dishes. Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of our diets was independent of the BDA or IDDSI levels, with great variations in safety and swallowing efficacy. Textural properties, oral processing behavior, and individual patient responses played decisive roles. Variations in maximum force and adhesiveness during oral processing were crucial for the therapeutic effect, as indicated by the principal component analysis (PCA) correlation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14101723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T06:40:23Z","timestamp":1747118423000},"page":"1723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Effectiveness of Fork-Mashable Dishes in Managing Older Patients with Mastication and Swallowing Impairments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kovan","family":"Ismael-Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-1150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Bolivar-Prados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Laguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Nu\u00f1ez Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Vi\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Physiology Laboratory, Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08304 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), 08304 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuo, K., and Fujishima, I. 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