{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:41:06Z","timestamp":1793644866960,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32102108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21KJB550005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB550005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["32102108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102108"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province, China","award":["21KJB550005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB550005"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["32102108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102108"]}]},{"name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)","award":["21KJB550005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21KJB550005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes, a widespread metabolic disorder, is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Xylose-oligosaccharide, a functional oligosaccharide, has shown potential in mitigating hyperglycemia. This study established a type 2 diabetes mouse model via a high-fat diet and streptozotocin administration to investigate the effects of two xylose-oligosaccharide doses (20 and 60 mg\/kg\/day). Both doses were observed to regulate lipid metabolism, decrease inflammation, and alleviate damage to the liver, kidneys, and islets. Additionally, xylose-oligosaccharide corrected diabetes-induced intestinal microbiota imbalances by increasing Bacteroides and Proteobacteria while decreasing Firmicutes. Notably, the 60 mg\/kg\/day dose was more effective in enhancing glucose tolerance and reducing insulin resistance compared to the 20 mg\/kg\/day dose. These results suggested that xylose-oligosaccharide had hypoglycemic effects, reduced insulin resistance and oxidative stress, possessed anti-inflammatory properties, and modulated intestinal microbiota. Thus, xylose-oligosaccharide shows promise as a functional food for managing type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14122093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1750051713000},"page":"2093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Xylose-Oligosaccharide Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes in Mice via Reducing Blood Glucose, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Regulating Intestinal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiangfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjian","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70112-8","article-title":"Diabetes: A 21st century challenge","volume":"2","author":"Zimmet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01655-5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes","volume":"400","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13349","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13349","article-title":"The dietary inflammatory index, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases","volume":"23","author":"Hariharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. 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