{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:49:28Z","timestamp":1781729368598,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The illegal sale of mussels is a persistent problem for food safety and public health in the Campania region, where bivalve molluscs are often sold without traceability, evading regulatory controls. In this study, ten batches of mussels seized from unauthorized vendors were analyzed to evaluate their microbiological safety and trace their geographical origin. High loads of Escherichia coli, exceeding European regulatory limits (Regulation (EC) No 2073\/2005), were detected in all samples. In addition, Salmonella Infantis strains resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin were isolated, raising further concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Of the 93 Vibrio isolates, identified as V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, 37.63% showed multidrug resistance. Approximately 68.57% of the isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and cephalosporins. The presence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems (11.43%) is particularly alarming. Near-infrared spectroscopy, combined with chemometric models, was used to obtain traceability information, attributing a presumed origin to the seized mussel samples. Of the ten samples, seven were attributed to the Phlegraean area. These findings have provided valuable insights, reinforcing the need for continuous and rigorous surveillance and the integration of innovative tools to ensure seafood safety and support One Health approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14152672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T16:16:10Z","timestamp":1753805770000},"page":"2672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing Risks and Innovating Traceability in Campania\u2019s Illegal Mussel Sale: A One Health Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4110-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Vuoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7407-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attilio","family":"Mondelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farzati S.P.A., 84040 Casal Velino, Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Ceniti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University \u201cMagna Gr\u00e6cia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iolanda","family":"Venuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Ciardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farzati S.P.A., 84040 Casal Velino, Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2748-9286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolande Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Rose","family":"Proroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Microbiology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Nisci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Authority of Naples (A.S.L. Naples 1), c\/o Presidio Frullone, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4413-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Luisa","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniello","family":"Anastasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2024). 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