{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T19:33:09Z","timestamp":1788809589797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research and application of key technologies of personalized customized food biofabrication in Yunnan characteristic resources","award":["202102AE090027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AE090027"]}]},{"name":"Research and application of key technologies of personalized customized food biofabrication in Yunnan characteristic resources","award":["202302 AN360002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302 AN360002"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing and Key Laboratory construction project of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing in Yunnan Province","award":["202102AE090027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AE090027"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing and Key Laboratory construction project of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing in Yunnan Province","award":["202302 AN360002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202302 AN360002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep disturbances are linked to metabolic and neurological dysregulation. Moringa oleifera leaves, rich in bioactive compounds, may improve sleep via gut\u2013brain axis modulation. This study investigated the sleep-enhancing effects of fermented Moringa oleifera leaf extract (FM) in mice using metabolomics, gut microbiota analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. A 1:1 combination of Lactobacillus plantarum GDMCC 1.2685 and L. swissii GDMCC 1.791 optimally fermented FM, increasing GABA by 1.67-fold and total amino acids to 46,058.20 \u00b1 845.53 \u03bcg\/g. FM shortened sleep latency, increased sleep duration, and elevated brain GABA while reducing glutamate (Glu) and Glu\/GABA ratios. Hypothalamic metabolomics identified seven sleep-related metabolites, implicating glycerophospholipid, tryptophan, and purine metabolism pathways. FM also reduced Mycobacterium anisopliae (a gut bacterium associated with insomnia) and increased the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio. Network pharmacology revealed that FM\u2019s effects were mediated via GABA, Glu, and serotonin (5-HT) pathways. These findings demonstrate that FM improves sleep by modulating hypothalamic neurotransmitters and gut microbiota, exerting sedative-hypnotic effects through amino acid, purine, and energy metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14172952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T03:34:15Z","timestamp":1756092855000},"page":"2952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrated Approach Reveals Fermented Moringa oleifera Leaves Extracts\u2019 Impact on Mouse Sleep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Si","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"College of Food, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2523-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4575-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"China Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Pu\u2019er University, Pu\u2019er 665000, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Pu\u2019er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunchao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Personalized Food Manufacturing Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"China Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Pu\u2019er University, Pu\u2019er 665000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.02.018","article-title":"Sleep problems in youth with WAGR syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Somayaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12112-3","article-title":"Evaluation and management of insomnia in the clinical practice in Italy: A 2023 update from the Insomnia Expert Consensus Group","volume":"271","author":"Palagini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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