{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:09Z","timestamp":1792789449692,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFF1104004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104004"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2024KTSCX151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KTSCX151"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022KTSCX167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KTSCX167"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2024ZDJS090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDJS090"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2024GCZX011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GCZX011"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2023YFF1104004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104004"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024KTSCX151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KTSCX151"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2022KTSCX167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KTSCX167"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024ZDJS090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDJS090"]}]},{"name":"Characteristic innovation projects of universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024GCZX011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GCZX011"]}]},{"name":"Project for Improving the Scientific Research Ability of Key Disciplines under Construction in Guangdong Province","award":["2023YFF1104004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104004"]}]},{"name":"Project for Improving the Scientific Research Ability of Key Disciplines under Construction in Guangdong Province","award":["2024KTSCX151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KTSCX151"]}]},{"name":"Project for Improving the Scientific Research Ability of Key Disciplines under Construction in Guangdong Province","award":["2022KTSCX167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KTSCX167"]}]},{"name":"Project for Improving the Scientific Research Ability of Key Disciplines under Construction in Guangdong Province","award":["2024ZDJS090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDJS090"]}]},{"name":"Project for Improving the Scientific Research Ability of Key Disciplines under Construction in Guangdong Province","award":["2024GCZX011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GCZX011"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Platform Engineering Technology Research (Development) Center for Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2023YFF1104004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFF1104004"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Platform Engineering Technology Research (Development) Center for Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024KTSCX151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KTSCX151"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Platform Engineering Technology Research (Development) Center for Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2022KTSCX167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KTSCX167"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Platform Engineering Technology Research (Development) Center for Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024ZDJS090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDJS090"]}]},{"name":"Key Research Platform Engineering Technology Research (Development) Center for Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province","award":["2024GCZX011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GCZX011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Xanthones from mangosteen pericarp (MP) are bioactive compounds with promising pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. However, their efficient and selective extraction using environmentally friendly solvents remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate tricaprylin (C8) and tricaprin (C10) as novel green co-extractants in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction for the recovery of xanthones from MP, using a mass ratio of C8:C10 = 0.64:0.36, hereafter referred to as C8\/C10, and to model extraction kinetics for process design and scale-up. Extraction performance was investigated using different C8\/C10\u2013MP mass ratios and scCO2 conditions at temperatures of 60 \u00b0C and 70 \u00b0C and pressures of 250 bar, 350 bar, and 450 bar. A pseudo-first-order kinetic model was applied to describe the extraction profile, and the kinetic parameters were generalized using second-order polynomial functions of temperature and pressure. The highest xanthone yield (39.93 \u00b1 0.37%) and total xanthone content (51.44 \u00b1 2.22 mg\/g) were obtained at a 40% C8\/C10\u2013MP ratio under 70 \u00b0C and 350 bar, where the C8\/C10 mixture outperformed other tested co-extractants in both efficiency and selectivity, particularly for \u03b1-mangostin. The extraction profiles were well described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the generalized model predicted the extraction yield with an uncertainty of 2.3%. C8\/C10 is a highly effective and scalable co-extractant for scCO2 extraction of xanthones, offering a foundation for industrial applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14172983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1756217929000},"page":"2983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Green Co-Extractant-Assisted Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Xanthones from Mangosteen Pericarp Using Tricaprylin and Tricaprin Mixtures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Guangzhou 510850, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnson","family":"Stanslas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaoyan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norhidayah binti","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Supercritical Fluid Centre (SFC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6521-1832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gun Hean","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Supercritical Fluid Centre (SFC), Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soontornwat, A., Pongsuttiyakorn, T., Rakmae, S., Sritham, E., Sirisomboon, P., Pun, U.K., Krusong, W., and Pornchaloempong, P. 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