{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:48:23Z","timestamp":1792673303732,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200007"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200023"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200019"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-136\/2025-03\/200135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate liposomal particles as a potential delivery system for natamycin, a widely known antimicrobial agent used in the food industry. The goal was to prolong its diffusion into the surrounding medium. Natamycin-loaded liposomes were prepared using two methods (proliposome and thin-film) and two different phospholipid mixtures. The characterization of natamycin-loaded liposomes was performed in terms of their chemical composition (FT-IR analysis), encapsulation efficiency (EE), and antimicrobial potential against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms that can be found in milk and milk products. During the 60-day storage period, their size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were measured. The in vitro release kinetics of natamycin from liposomes were also assessed, and the results showed a significantly lower release rate of the drug when it was encapsulated. EE showed a high level of natamycin encapsulation (&gt;80%), which was confirmed with FT-IR analysis. The stability study indicated that these systems were stable over a 60-day storage period, as the zeta potential of all formulations was ~\u221225 mV. Satisfactory antimicrobial performance of the developed liposomes against Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Aspergillus flavus (MIC values from 0.00625 to 4 mg\/mL) indicates that loading of natamycin into liposomal carriers was an adequate method for their encapsulation and delivery in the milk industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14173064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T16:39:01Z","timestamp":1756744741000},"page":"3064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative Study of Natamycin Encapsulation in Liposomes: Thin-Film vs. Proliposome Methods for Enhanced Stability, Controlled Release, and Efficacy Against Milk Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalija","family":"\u010cutovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-2590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petar","family":"Batini\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1328-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medicinal Plants Research \u201cDr. Josif Pan\u010di\u0107\u201d, Tadeu\u0161a Ko\u0161\u0107u\u0161ka 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9016-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovana","family":"Petrovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Obradovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Fran\u0161e d\u2019 Epere 86, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branko","family":"Bugarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5394-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra A.","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-1183-5","article-title":"Polyene Antibiotic Biosynthesis Gene Clusters","volume":"61","author":"Aparicio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brik, H.N. (1981). Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1040970309","article-title":"Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic Cytotoxicity and Membrane Permeability Alterations I. Comparative Effects of Four Classes of Polyene Macrolides on Mammalian Cells","volume":"97","author":"Fisher","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2307\/1593087","article-title":"The Antifungal Activity of Natamycin toward Molds Isolated from Commercially Manufactured Poultry Feed","volume":"44","author":"Wyatt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00697-08","article-title":"In vitro Comparison of the Efficacies of Natamycin and Silver Nitrate against Ocular Fungi","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.86328","article-title":"Natamycin in the Treatment of Keratomycosis: Correlation of Treatment Outcome and: In vitro: Susceptibility of Fungal Isolates","volume":"59","author":"Pradhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.112795","article-title":"Antifungal Activity of Natamycin and Development of an Edible Film Based on Hydroxyethylcellulose to Avoid Penicillium spp. Growth on Low-Moisture Mozzarella Cheese","volume":"154","author":"Torrijos","year":"2022","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.33018","article-title":"Influence of the Salt Concentration on Action Mechanisms of Natamycin against Microorganisms of Importance in Food Manufacture","volume":"40","author":"Serafini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.H., Tam, C.C., Chan, K.L., Cheng, L.W., Land, K.M., Friedman, M., and Chang, P.-K. (2021). Antifungal Efficacy of Redox-Active Natamycin against Some Foodborne Fungi\u2014Comparison with Aspergillus fumigatus. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10092073"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stark, J., and Tan, H.S. (2003). Natamycin. Food Preservatives, Springer.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203508244.ch5"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-021-00981-1","article-title":"Natamycin: A Natural Preservative for Food Applications\u2014A Review","volume":"30","author":"Meena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1071\/AN13492","article-title":"A Review on the Effects of Mycotoxins in Dairy Ruminants","volume":"54","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.08.116","article-title":"Detection Method Optimization, Content Analysis and Stability Exploration of Natamycin in Wine","volume":"194","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"44","article-title":"Actual and Future Trends in Antimicrobial Food Packaging","volume":"24","author":"Radusin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cutovi\u0107, N., Markovi\u0107, T., Carevi\u0107, T., Stojkovi\u0107, D., Bugarski, B., and Jovanovi\u0107, A.A. (2023). Liposomal and Liposomes-Film Systems as Carriers for Bioactives from Paeonia tenuifolia L. Petals: Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Potential. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122742"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, A.A., \u0106uji\u0107, D., Stojadinovi\u0107, B., \u010cutovi\u0107, N., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., and \u0160avikin, K. (2022). Liposomal Bilayer as a Carrier of Rosa canina L. Seed Oil: Physicochemical Characterization, Stability, and Biological Potential. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010276"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200169","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.202200169","article-title":"Polymer-Lipid Matrices Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose\/Solagum and Liposomes for Controlled Release of Folic Acid","volume":"125","author":"Mijin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2000_3983","article-title":"Physical Properties of Lipid Bilayer Membranes: Relevance to Membrane Biological Functions","volume":"47","author":"Subczynski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PM00176A","article-title":"Advances in Liposomal Nanotechnology: From Concept to Clinics","volume":"1","author":"Senjab","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Pharm."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2013.03.006","article-title":"Resveratrol Loaded Liposomes Produced by Different Techniques","volume":"19","author":"Zvonar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160turm, L., and Poklar Ulrih, N. (2021). Basic Methods for Preparation of Liposomes and Studying Their Interactions with Different Compounds, with the Emphasis on Polyphenols. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126547"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.58.7.0002","article-title":"Formulations Generated from Ethanol-based Proliposomes for Delivery via Medical Nebulizers","volume":"58","author":"Elhissi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basak, S., and Das, T.K. (2025). Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems: From Laboratory Research to Industrial Production\u2014Instruments and Challenges. Chem. Eng., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/chemengineering9030056"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Mozafari, M.R. (2005). Liposomes: An Overview of Manufacturing Techniques. Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett., 10."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.10.035","article-title":"Corneal Targeted Nanoparticles for Sustained Natamycin Delivery and Their PK\/PD Indices: An Approach to Reduce Dose and Dosing Frequency","volume":"477","author":"Chandasana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3332","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02541-x","article-title":"Natamycin Ocular Delivery: Challenges and Advancements in Ocular Therapeutics","volume":"40","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Huan, C., Liang, X., Fang, S., Wang, J., and Chen, J. (2019). Development of Starch-Based Antifungal Coatings by Incorporation of Natamycin\/Methyl-\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Postharvest Treatments on Cherry Tomato against Botrytis cinerea. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213962"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badhani, A., Dabral, P., Rana, V., and Upadhyaya, K. (2012). Evaluation of Cyclodextrins for Enhancing Corneal Penetration of Natamycin Eye Drops. J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci., 4.","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.94128"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21312","article-title":"Preparation and Characterisation of Natamycin: \u03b3-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and Its Evaluation in Vaginal Mucoadhesive Formulations","volume":"97","author":"Cevher","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120484","article-title":"Enhanced in vivo Antifungal Activity of Novel Cell Penetrating Peptide Natamycin Conjugate for Efficient Fungal Keratitis Management","volume":"600","author":"Rohira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124118","article-title":"Nanomicelles Empower Natamycin in Treating Fungal Keratitis: An in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo Study","volume":"656","author":"Sathe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, A.R., Sanchez-Lopez, E., dos Santos, T., Garcia, M.L., Silva, A.M., and Souto, E.B. (2021). Development and Characterization of Nanoemulsions for Ophthalmic Applications: Role of Cationic Surfactants. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247541"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7111","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030333q","article-title":"Stability of Natamycin and Its Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in Aqueous Solution","volume":"51","author":"Koontz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.07.017","article-title":"Saturated Phosphatidylcholine as Matrix Former for Oral Extended Release Dosage Forms","volume":"108","author":"Kolbina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.02.022","article-title":"New Findings on the Incorporation of Essential Oil Components into Liposomes Composed of Lipoid S100 and Cholesterol","volume":"561","author":"Hammoud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Leo, V., Di Gioia, S., Milano, F., Fini, P., Comparelli, R., Mancini, E., Agostiano, A., Conese, M., and Catucci, L. (2020). Eudragit S100 Entrapped Liposome for Curcumin Delivery: Anti-Oxidative Effect in Caco-2 Cells. Coatings, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings10020114"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talarico, L., Clemente, I., Gennari, A., Gabbricci, G., Pepi, S., Leone, G., Bonechi, C., Rossi, C., Mattioli, S.L., and Detta, N. (2024). Physiochemical Characterization of Lipidic Nanoformulations Encapsulating the Antifungal Drug Natamycin. Nanomaterials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14080726"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101920","article-title":"Formulation and Characterization of Novel Liposomes Containing Histidine for Encapsulation of a Poorly Soluble Vitamin","volume":"59","author":"Mijin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2357","article-title":"Diffusion of Drugs from Hydrogels and Liposomes as Drug Carriers","volume":"85","author":"Bugarski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balan\u010d, B., Salevi\u0107-Jeli\u0107, A., \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107, V., Bugarski, B., Nedovi\u0107, V., Petrovi\u0107, P., and Kne\u017eevi\u0107-Jugovi\u0107, Z. (2024). The Application of Protein Concentrate Obtained from Green Leaf Biomass in Structuring Nanofibers for Delivery of Vitamin B12. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13101576"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrov Ivankovi\u0107, A., \u0106orovi\u0107, M., Milivojevi\u0107, A., Blagojevi\u0107, S., Radulovi\u0107, A., Pjanovi\u0107, R., and Bezbradica, D. (2024). Assessment of Enzymatically Derived Blackcurrant Extract as Cosmetic Ingredient\u2014Antioxidant Properties Determination and in vitro Diffusion Study. Pharmaceutics, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16091209"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5937\/leksir2040057K","article-title":"Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Selected Polyphenolic Compounds: An in vitro Study on Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"40","author":"Ivanov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lek. Sirovine"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2025, July 19). EUCAST Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. Available online: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/ast_of_fungi."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7138","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01595D","article-title":"Ononis spinosa L., an Edible and Medicinal Plant: UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap\/MS Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities of the Herbal Extract","volume":"11","author":"Zengin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2015.07.025","article-title":"Encapsulation of Elderberry Extract into Phospholipid Nanoparticles","volume":"167","author":"Lewandowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food. Eng."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"\u010cutovic, N. (2024). Optimization of Petal Extraction from Paeonia tenuifolia L., Biological Effects on the Skin, and Immobilization of Extracts into Carriers. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy]."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Batinic, P. (2023). The Controlled Release of Folic Acid from the System of Liposome-Biopolymer Film. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy]."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asadi, M., Toofani-Milani, A., and Soufiani, K.B. (2024). Nystatin Encapsulated Nanoliposomes: Potential Anti-Infective against Candida spp. Isolated from Candidiasis Patients. Adv. Biomed. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_65_23"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S91730","article-title":"Liposomal Flucytosine Capped with Gold Nanoparticle Formulations for Improved Ocular Delivery","volume":"10","author":"Salem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug. Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e18960","article-title":"Advances of Liposomal Mediated Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Dermatophyte Infections","volume":"9","author":"Mousavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"71","article-title":"Nanoliposome-Loaded Antifungal Drugs for Dermal Administration: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Asadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05030","article-title":"Liposomal Nanodelivery Systems Generated from Proliposomes for Pollen Extract with Improved Solubility and in vitro Bioaccessibility","volume":"6","author":"Altin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.54.2s.72","article-title":"Development of Natamycin Loaded Glycerosomes\u2013A Novel Approach to Defend Ophthalmic Keratitis","volume":"54","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160eremet, D., \u0160tefan\u010di\u0107, M., Petrovi\u0107, P., Kuzmi\u0107, S., Doroci, S., Mandura Jari\u0107, A., Vojvodi\u0107 Cebin, A., Pjanovi\u0107, R., and Komes, D. (2022). Development, Characterization and Incorporation of Alginate-Plant Protein Covered Liposomes Containing Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) Extract into Candies. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11121816"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.074427","article-title":"Low Amounts of Sucrose Are Sufficient to Depress the Phase Transition Temperature of Dry Phosphatidylcholine, but Not for Lyoprotection of Liposomes","volume":"90","author":"Cacela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2013.11.014","article-title":"Formation, Characterization, and Stability of Encapsulated Hibiscus Extract in Multilayered Liposomes","volume":"38","author":"Gibis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13615","article-title":"Formation and Characterization of Green Tea Extract Loaded Liposomes","volume":"82","author":"Dag","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11483-007-9023-x","article-title":"Characterization of Antimicrobial-Bearing Liposomes by \u03b6-Potential, Vesicle Size, and Encapsulation Efficiency","volume":"2","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Biophys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2010.03.003","article-title":"Food Applications of Liposome-Encapsulated Antimicrobial Peptides","volume":"21","author":"Daroit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8073","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0348368","article-title":"Size, Stability, and Entrapment Efficiency of Phospholipid Nanocapsules Containing Polypeptide Antimicrobials","volume":"51","author":"Were","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(64)80115-7","article-title":"Negative Staining of Phospholipids and Their Structural Modification by Surface-Active Agents as Observed in the Electron Microscope","volume":"8","author":"Bangham","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00357","article-title":"Liposomes for Antibiotic Encapsulation and Delivery","volume":"6","author":"Hosseinidoust","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.017","article-title":"Cholesterol Modulates the Liposome Membrane Fluidity and Permeability for a Hydrophilic Molecule","volume":"113","author":"Kaddah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012056","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/188\/1\/012056","article-title":"Enhancement of the Stability of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Extract of Diospyros discolor Willd. Leaves Using Polyvinyl Alcohol","volume":"Volume 188","author":"Ardani","year":"2017","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6184","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00596","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Paclitaxel-Loaded PEGylated Liposomes by the Microfluidics Method","volume":"20","author":"Jaradat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30503","article-title":"Enhancing the Efficacy of Letrozole-Loaded PEGylated Nanoliposomes against Breast Cancer Cells: In vitro Study","volume":"10","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.143763","article-title":"Curcumin-Loaded Proliposomes via Glycerol-Infused: Mechanism, Stability and Antioxidant Activities","volume":"478","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.07.024","article-title":"Effect of Resveratrol Incorporated in Liposomes on Proliferation and UV-B Protection of Cells","volume":"363","author":"Caddeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800039","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201800039","article-title":"Comparative Effects of Cholesterol and \u03b2-sitosterol on the Liposome Membrane Characteristics","volume":"120","author":"Ota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2018.01.018","article-title":"Supercritical Assisted Process for the Encapsulation of Olive Pomace Extract into Liposomes","volume":"135","author":"Trucillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Supercrit. Fluids"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, A.A., Balan\u010d, B., Voli\u0107, M., Pe\u0107inar, I., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., and \u0160avikin, K.P. (2023). Rosehip Extract-Loaded Liposomes for Potential Skin Application: Physicochemical Properties of Non-and UV-Irradiated Liposomes. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12173063"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jovanovi\u0107, A.A., Balan\u010d, B., Petrovi\u0107, P.M., Voli\u0107, M., Mici\u0107, D., \u017divkovi\u0107, J., and \u0160avikin, K.P. (2024). Design and Characterization of Liposomal-Based Carriers for the Encapsulation of Rosa canina Fruit Extract: In vitro Gastrointestinal Release Behavior. Plants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13182608"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2013.05.006","article-title":"Efficacy of Nisin and\/or Natamycin to Improve the Shelf-Life of Galotyri Cheese","volume":"36","author":"Kallinteri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Effects of Natamycin on the Shelf Life of Yogurt","volume":"55","author":"Var","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Leb."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danaei, M., Dehghankhold, M., Ataei, S., Hasanzadeh Davarani, F., Javanmard, R., Dokhani, A., Khorasani, S., and Mozafari, M.R. (2018). Impact of Particle Size and Polydispersity Index on the Clinical Applications of Lipidic Nanocarrier Systems. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020057"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(98)01233-3","article-title":"Plant Sterols and the Membrane Environment","volume":"3","author":"Hartmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"(2025, July 19). Lipoid GmbH Hydrogenated Phospholipids\u2013Lipoid. Available online: https:\/\/lipoid.com\/en\/products\/natural-phospholipids\/hydrogenated-phospholipids\/."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2022.103155","article-title":"Effect of Phospholipids on Membrane Characteristics and Storage Stability of Liposomes","volume":"81","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(75)90003-6","article-title":"The Effect of Chain Length and Lipid Phase Transitions on the Selective Permeability Properties of Liposomes","volume":"406","author":"Blok","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscs.2012.04.001","article-title":"Biochemical Studies on the Natamycin Antibiotic Produced by Streptomyces lydicus: Fermentation, Extraction and Biological Activities","volume":"19","author":"Atta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Saudi Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.21608\/avmj.2017.169259","article-title":"Effect of Irradiation and Natamycin on Decontamination of Fungi from Laboratory Inoculated Minced Meat","volume":"63","author":"Baher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.009","article-title":"Isoflavone Formononetin from Red Propolis Acts as a Fungicide against Candida sp.","volume":"47","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/19390211.2015.1008614","article-title":"Emerging Adjuvant Therapy for Cancer: Propolis and Its Constituents","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02389881","article-title":"Liposomes as Carriers of Antimicrobial Agents or Immunomodulatory Agents in the Treatment of Infections","volume":"12","author":"Lokerse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, P., Zhang, X., Li, F., Xu, K.-F., Li, Y.-H., Liu, X., Yang, J., Zhu, B., and Wu, F.-G. (2022). Cationic Liposomes with Different Lipid Ratios: Antibacterial Activity, Antibacterial Mechanism, and Cytotoxicity Evaluations. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15121556"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.125088","article-title":"The Impact of Surface Charge on the Interaction of Cholesterol-Free Fusogenic Liposomes with Planktonic Microbial Cells and Biofilms","volume":"669","author":"Amer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rukavina, Z., and Vani\u0107, \u017d. (2016). Current Trends in Development of Liposomes for Targeting Bacterial Biofilms. Pharmaceutics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics8020018"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100872","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity Enabled by Chitosan-\u03b5-Polylysine-Natamycin and Its Effect on Microbial Diversity of Tomato Scrambled Egg Paste","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2008.01816.x","article-title":"Antifungal Activity of Biopolymers Containing Natamycin and Rosemary Extract against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortii","volume":"43","author":"Soyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2016.01.007","article-title":"Potential of Antimicrobial Active Packaging \u2018Containing Natamycin, Nisin, Pomegranate and Grape Seed Extract in Chitosan Coating\u2019to Extend Shelf Life of Fresh Strawberry","volume":"98","author":"Duran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Bioprod. Process."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/polysaccharides4010004","article-title":"Development and Characterization of Sustainable Antimicrobial Films Incorporated with Natamycin and Cellulose Nanocrystals for Cheese Preservation","volume":"4","author":"Clemente","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polysaccharides"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2021.h485","article-title":"Packaging Fortified with Natamycin Nanoparticles for Hindering the Growth of Toxigenic Aspergillus Flavus and Aflatoxin Production in Romy Cheese","volume":"8","author":"Fayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/17\/3064\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:35:52Z","timestamp":1760034952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/17\/3064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14173064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14173064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]}}}