{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:57:46Z","timestamp":1788199066702,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFD1700900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1700900"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD1900203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1900203"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["KJ2021A1137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2021A1137"]}]},{"name":"Key Natural Science Research Projects in Universities of Anhui Province","award":["2021YFD1700900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1700900"]}]},{"name":"Key Natural Science Research Projects in Universities of Anhui Province","award":["2023YFD1900203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1900203"]}]},{"name":"Key Natural Science Research Projects in Universities of Anhui Province","award":["KJ2021A1137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2021A1137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Foods"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tea trees (Camellia sinensis) growing on selenium (Se)-rich soils often exhibit the phenomenon of cadmium (Cd) accumulation. However, the transport of Cd in the soil\u2013tea tree\u2013tea infusion continuum in such areas, as well as the impact of Se on Cd in this system, remains enigmatic. In this study, we investigated the migration of Cd from soil to tea tree and from tea tree to tea infusion, as well as the influence of Se on the Cd. The Cd content of the soil was 0.37 mg kg\u22121, which was approximately 3.81 times higher than the background value. The average activation rate of soil Cd was 20.93%, and was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and significantly positively correlated with available potassium. The Cd enrichment coefficients in tea tree organs showed a gradually decreasing trend from fibrous roots to taproots, lateral stems, main stems, old leaves, and young leaves. The Cd transport coefficients from fibrous roots to taproots, taproots to main stems, and main stems to lateral stems progressively increased, whereas from lateral stems to old and young leaves significantly decreased. The maximum potential carcinogenic health risk from Cd in the tea infusion was 1.60 \u00d7 10\u22127 to 5.03 \u00d7 10\u22127, thus drinking Se-enriched tea had a low health risk from Cd intake. Our findings revealed a notable threshold effect on the accumulation of Cd in fibrous roots. The primary factor contributing to the low Cd concentration in tea leaves lies in the reduced Cd transport efficiency from fibrous roots to taproots and from lateral stems to young leaves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14183156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:27:12Z","timestamp":1757500032000},"page":"3156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cadmium in the Soil\u2013Tea\u2013Infusion Continuum of Selenium-Enriched Gardens: Implications for Food Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Haizhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"College of Geography and Planning, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247100, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dengxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6344-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Jie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daichang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Conservation in the Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130887","article-title":"Microplastics may increase the environmental risks of Cd via promoting Cd uptake by plants: A meta-analysis","volume":"448","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125481","article-title":"Efficiency of various silicon rich amendments on growth and cadmium accumulation in field grown cereals and health risk assessment","volume":"244","author":"Sohail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128673","article-title":"Health risk assessment of total exposure from cadmium in South China","volume":"269","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116965","article-title":"Cadmium pollution of soil-rice ecosystems in rice cultivation dominated regions in China: A review","volume":"280","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-021-00645-3","article-title":"Cadmium toxicity in plants: Recent progress on morpho-physiological effects and remediation strategies","volume":"22","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30908","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-18232-5","article-title":"Agroecotoxicological aspect of Cd in soil\u2013plant system: Uptake, translocation and amelioration strategies","volume":"29","author":"Khanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125106","article-title":"Mitigation of rice cadmium (Cd) accumulation by joint application of organic amendments and selenium (Se) in high-Cd-contaminated soils","volume":"241","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136121","article-title":"Organic soil additives for the remediation of cadmium contaminated soils and their impact on the soil-plant system: A review","volume":"707","author":"Hamid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00571-1","article-title":"Tea and tea drinking: China\u2019s outstanding contributions to the mankind","volume":"17","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying health benefits of tea compounds","volume":"172","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms9071196","article-title":"Tea polyphenols and their roles in cancer prevention and chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-1140-x","article-title":"Copper, manganese, zinc, and cadmium in tea leaves of different types and origin","volume":"183","author":"Podwika","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-022-10232-3","article-title":"Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in herbal infusion tea bags marketed in Tacna, Peru","volume":"194","author":"Portugal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1267","article-title":"Evaluation of heavy metal concentration in imported black tea in Iran and consumer risk assessments","volume":"7","author":"Pourramezani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148354","article-title":"Occurrence, accumulation, and risk assessment of trace metals in tea (Camellia sinensis): A national reconnaissance","volume":"792","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110475","article-title":"Distribution, accumulation, and potential risks of heavy metals in soil and tea leaves from geologically different plantations","volume":"195","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5440-y","article-title":"Heavy metal content in tea soils and their distribution in different parts of tea plants, Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze","volume":"188","author":"Seenivasan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effects of high concentration cadmium stress on tea plant physiology and absorption and accumulation characteristics","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Tea Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105306","article-title":"The sources-specific health risk assessment combined with APCS\/MLR model for heavy metals in tea garden soils from south Fujian Province, China","volume":"203","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3782-4","article-title":"Effect of tea plantation age on the distribution of glomalin-related soil protein in soil water-stable aggregates in southwestern China","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"2765","article-title":"Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil-tea plant system of Tieguanyin tea garden","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104356","article-title":"Unveiling the potential of selenium-enriched tea: Compositional profiles, physiological activities, and health benefits","volume":"145","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.331","article-title":"The threshold effect between the soil bioavailable molar Se: Cd ratio and the accumulation of Cd in corn (Zea mays L.) from natural Se-Cd rich soils","volume":"688","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134106","article-title":"Epidemiological study of kidney health in an area with high levels of soil cadmium and selenium: Does selenium protect against cadmium-induced kidney injury?","volume":"698","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112516","article-title":"The interaction between selenium and cadmium in the soil-rice-human continuum in an area with high geological background of selenium and cadmium","volume":"222","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1332","article-title":"Pollution status and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils of a typical black shale area","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agro-Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.02.451","article-title":"Selenium translocation in the soil-rice system in the Enshi seleniferous area, Central China","volume":"669","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030700","article-title":"Daily dietary selenium intake in a high selenium area of Enshi, China","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fordyce, F.M. (2012). Selenium deficiency and toxicity in the environment. Essentials of Medical Geology: Revised Edition, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4375-5_16"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153156","article-title":"Selenate regulates the activity of cell wall enzymes to infuence cell wall component concentration and thereby affects the uptake and translocation of Cd in the roots of Brassica rapa L.","volume":"821","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115829","article-title":"Exogenous selenium (cadmium) inhibits the absorption and transportation of cadmium (selenium) in rice","volume":"268","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.07.002","article-title":"Selenium reduces cadmium uptake into rice suspension cells by regulating the expression of lignin synthesis and cadmium-related genes","volume":"644","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-0028-2","article-title":"Protective role of selenium on pepper exposed to cadmium stress during reproductive stage","volume":"160","author":"Mozafariyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123570","article-title":"Underlying mechanisms responsible for restriction of uptake and translocation of heavy metals (metalloids) by selenium via root application in plants","volume":"402","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.138","article-title":"Accumulation, subcellular distribution, and oxidative stress of cadmium in Brassica chinensis supplied with selenite and selenate at different growth stages","volume":"216","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, H., Li, F., Wang, Y., and Du, X. (2025). The Regulatory Effect of Se-Cd Interaction on Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Under Cadmium Stress. Agronomy, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15010246"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Li, Y., Ma, J., Wu, F., Wang, L., Sun, L., Zhang, P., Wang, W., and Xu, J. (2022). Comparative physiological and soil microbial community structural analysis revealed that selenium alleviates cadmium stress in Perilla frutescens. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1022935"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"623","article-title":"Effect of Se-enriched foliar fertilizer on Se-enrichment and Cd-reduction in tea in region of Wanyuan","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hans J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-019-02551-y","article-title":"Selenium (Se) does not reduce cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in naturally occurred Se-rich paddy fields with a high geological background of Cd","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.06.019","article-title":"Spatial variations in soil selenium and residential dietary selenium intake in a selenium-rich county, Shitai, Anhui, China","volume":"50","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2016). National Food Safety Standard: Determination of Multiple Elements in Foods (Standard No. GB5413.21\u20142010)."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2018.05.003","article-title":"Assessing the mobilization of As, Cr, Mo, and Se in Egyptian lacustrine and calcareous soils using sequential extraction and biogeochemical microcosm techniques","volume":"191","author":"Shaheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, J., Rao, S., Chen, Q., Zhang, W., Cheng, S., Cong, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, X., and Xu, F. (2022). Research progress on the effects of selenium on the growth and quality of tea plants. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11192491"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Lu, R.K. (2000). Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis, Chinese Agriculture and Technology Press. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113679","article-title":"Evaluation of potential ecological risks in potential toxic elements contaminated agricultural soils: Correlations between soil contamination and polymetallic mining activity","volume":"300","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2009). Exposure Factors Handbook\u2014Update, External Review Draft, EPA\/600\/R-09\/052A."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2021.105419","article-title":"Geological load and health risk of heavy metals uptake by tea from soil: What are the significant influencing factors?","volume":"204","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catena"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00081-3","article-title":"Effects of forms and rates of potassium fertilizers on cadmium uptake by two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.)","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137581","article-title":"Evaluation of phytoremediation potential of five Cd (hyper) accumulators in two Cd contaminated soils","volume":"721","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135186","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen (N) on cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in plants: A review","volume":"708","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Effects of Long-term Application of Organic Manure on Contents of Total and Available Cadmium in Greenhouse Soil","volume":"58","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Yu, Z., Lin, J., Meng, M., Zhao, Y., Jia, Z., Peng, X., Liu, X., and Zhang, J. (2022). Forest conversion and soil depth can modify the contributions of organic and inorganic colloids to the stability of soil aggregates. Forests, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/f13040546"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcs285","article-title":"Responses of root architecture development to low phosphorus availability: A review","volume":"112","author":"Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.09.025","article-title":"Feasibility of phosphate fertilizer to immobilize cadmium in a field","volume":"70","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143374","article-title":"Mass balance approach to assess the impact of cadmium decrease in mineral phosphate fertilizers on health risk: The case-study of French agricultural soils","volume":"760","author":"Carne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113137","article-title":"Nitrogen supply improved plant growth and Cd translocation in maize at the silking and physiological maturity under moderate Cd stress","volume":"230","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-014-9966-0","article-title":"The alleviation of cadmium toxicity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by the application of salicylic acid","volume":"75","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130771","article-title":"Effect of selenium and soil pH on cadmium phytoextraction by Urochloa decumbens grown in Oxisol","volume":"447","author":"Borgo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.08.012","article-title":"Selenium reduces cadmium uptake and mitigates cadmium toxicity in rice","volume":"235","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2013.09.024","article-title":"Selenium alleviates cadmium toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedlings","volume":"171","author":"Saidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2009.06.006","article-title":"Selenium in higher plants: Understanding mechanisms for biofortification and phytoremediation","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9537","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b03316","article-title":"Effects of interaction between cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se) on grain yield and Cd and Se accumulation in a hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) system","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.07.041","article-title":"Effect of selenium on the uptake kinetics and accumulation of and oxidative stress induced by cadmium in Brassica chinensis","volume":"162","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, H., Li, X., Guo, L., Wang, L., Hao, X., and Zeng, J. (2022). Integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals the absorption and metabolism of selenium in tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. Front. Plant Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.848349"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s001289900060","article-title":"Effect of selenite and selenate on plant uptake of cadmium by maize (Zea mays)","volume":"56","author":"Shanker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"200","article-title":"The alleviating effects of selenium on cadmium-induced toxicity in tea leaves","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanjing For. Univ."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"537","article-title":"A case study of cadmium distribution in soil-tea plant-tea soup system in Central Fujian Province and relative health risk assessment","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Tea Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8224","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07016-7","article-title":"Content and dietary exposure of cadmium among residents in Northeast China: A case study based on the 5th China Total Diet Study","volume":"27","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127883","article-title":"Improving Cd risk managements of rice cropping system by integrating source-soil-rice-human chain for a typical intensive industrial and agricultural region","volume":"313","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B0710631","article-title":"Accumulation and distribution of arsenic and cadmium by tea plants","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. B"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2011.551945","article-title":"Lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper levels in Chinese Yunnan Pu\u2019er tea","volume":"4","author":"Ning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part B"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.69220","article-title":"Dietary risk assessment of fluoride, lead, chromium, and cadmium through consumption of Tieguanyin tea and white tea","volume":"41","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Foods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/18\/3156\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:43:10Z","timestamp":1760035390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/18\/3156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["foods14183156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods14183156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2304-8158"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2304-8158","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]}}}